Kenyas Government, Finance, Manufacturing and Other Aspects

Kenya government The type of government in Kenya is almost similar to other governments around the world. People’s representatives are elected through democratically held elections with governments and various bodies around the world sending observers to ensure transparency. However, citizens are not allowed to vote on issues that relate to policy formulation and changes in law unless in special circumstances like constitutional referendum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenya’s Government, Finance, Manufacturing and Other Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The president acts both as the head of state and head of government and is elected through popular vote. He is also a member of parliament. The president chooses members of the cabinet from the elected members of the legislative assembly. The country’s laws are made by legislature in the national assembly. The numbers of legislature s, known as members of parliament (MPs), currently stands at 210. A small number of MPs are also nominated by their respective parties. Apart from the central government, there are smaller administrative units known as districts which are further divided into divisions. The government further comprises of the judiciary led by the chief justice. The judicial service commission, just like the parliamentary service commission, looks into issues of remuneration of judicial officers and their welfare. One issues that seems to bedevil Kenya is the high rate of corruption in the country, particularly in public offices. Besides, business people opting for short cuts in attaining business permits and other licenses have to bribe the authorities so that the process is hastened (Nawaz, 6). Banking sector in Kenya Kenya boasts of 43 commercial banks and one mortgage finance company. Among these banking institutions, 30 are locally owned where as 13 are owned by foreign based institutions. The g overnment has significant shareholding in three local based banks. Asset wise, Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) is the biggest bank with over 2.78 million dollars in assets spread across the country and its neighbors. Local banks, such as Equity Bank, have also opened branches in neighboring countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, and Southern Sudan, thereby increasing their asset value. At the end of 2010, there were 12.8 million bank accounts serving the country’s population of roughly 40 million people.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was an increase from the 4.7 million figure that was recorded in 2007. At the end of 2010, there were 1063 bank branches compared to 740 in 2007. Automatic teller machines stood at 1940 currently compared to 1012 in 2007. Agent banking has also been introduced to serve areas that lack bank structures. Fraud remains a major challenge to the banking sector with 102 fraud related cases being reported annually, resulting into the loss of 390 million shillings. 90 banks have been listed at the country’s stock exchange market (NSE) with combined market value of over 470 billion shillings in a week. There are two Islamic banking institutions- The Gulf African Bank and First Community Bank (Reuters, 2). Kenya’s financial market The Capital Markets Authority (CMA) is the institution charged with regulating the Kenya’s financial market (Capital Markets Authority, 1). It promotes market confidence, protects investors from financial losses, and controls the Kenyan capital market. Kenya’s medical fraternity The ministry of medical services and ministry of public health are solely in charge of health related issues. The Medical and Dentists’ Board is in charge of disciplinary issues in the health sector while the Kenya Medical Supplies Board ensures that drugs are distributed to hospitals. Kenya M edia There are both state owned broadcasting houses like the KBC and the private media houses (Media Council, 5). Currently, there are 90 FM stations and 14 television stations. There are a number of print newspapers and magazines too. The Media Council of Kenya and the Communication Commission of Kenya are the regulatory authorities of all media in Kenya (Media Council, 3). Sales Any business that operates in Kenya has to be registered by relevant authorities. Any goods or products they undertake to sell have to be approved by the Kenya Bureau of Statistics. Manufacturing industry in Kenya This industry serves both the local and export market and is enhanced by favorable tax reforms and incentives, robust agricultural sector, liberal trade incentives, and expanded market outlets (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenya’s Government, Finance, Manufacturing and Other Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Kenya’s corruption score index Kenya was ranked number 154 with a score of 2.1 because there is no proper legislation to help fight corruption. The anticorruption watchdog, KACC, does not have prosecutorial powers and has to rely on director of public prosecution who may not be willing to prosecute perpetrators of corrupt practices (KACC, 1, Kenya Advisor, 2). A culture has also been developed that is not value based that only fuel corrupt practice (Transparency International, 1). Institutions like the police, the judiciary, and immigration are all corruption hot spots (Transparency International, 2, Mwachiro, 4). Works Cited Capital Markets Authority. History. 21 February, 2011. Web. http://www.cma.or.ke/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=16Itemid=36 KACC. Statement by Kenya Anticorruption Advisory Board. KACC. August 2011. Web. http://www.kacc.go.ke/ Kenya Advisor. Facts about corruption in Kenya. February 2007. Web. http://www.kenya-advis or.com/corruption-in-kenya.html Media Council. Code of Conduct for the Practice of Journalism in Kenya. 2011. Web. http://www.mediacouncil.or.ke/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=23Itemid=90 Media Council. Function of the Media Council of Kenya. Web. http://www.mediacouncil.or.ke/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=22Itemid=34Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mwachiro, Kevin. Kenya corruption costs government dearly. BBC News, December 3, 2010. Web. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11913876 Nawaz, Farzana. East Africa bribery Index. Anticorruption research network. 26 Nov. 2010. Web. http://www.tikenya.org/documents/EABI-2010.pdf Price Water House Coopers. Industrial manufacturing. 21 Feb 2011. Web. http://www.mediacouncil.or.ke/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=22Itemid=34 Reuters. FACTBOX-Key facts on Kenya’s banking sector. Reuters. 21 Feb. 2011. Web. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/02/21/kenya-banks-idUKLDE71K0XE20110221 Transparency International. Transparency and Integrity in Service Delivery in  Africa (TISDA). January 2008. Web. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/africa_middle_east This essay on Kenya’s Government, Finance, Manufacturing and Other Aspects was written and submitted by user Aydin Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Science Behind Fog

The Science Behind Fog Fog is considered a low cloud that is either close to ground level or in contact with it. As such, it is made up of water droplets that are in the air like a cloud. Unlike a cloud, however, the water vapor in fog comes from sources close to the fog like a large water body or a moist ground. For example, fog usually forms over the city of San Francisco, California during the summer months and the moisture for that fog is produced by the cool ocean waters that are nearby. By contrast, moisture in a cloud is gathered from large distances that are not necessarily near where the cloud forms. Formation of Fog Like a cloud, fog forms when water evaporates from a surface or is added to the air. This evaporation can be from the ocean or another body of water or moist ground like a marsh or a farm field, depending on the type and location of the fog. As the water begins to evaporate from these sources and turn into water vapor it rises into the air. As the water vapor rises, it bonds with aerosols called ​condensation nuclei (i.e. small dust particles in the air) to form water droplets. These droplets then condense to form fog when the process occurs close to the ground. There are, however, several conditions that need to first occur before the process of fog formation can be complete. Fog usually develops when relative humidity is near 100% and when the air temperature and dew point temperature are close to one another or less than 4ËšF (2.5ËšC). When air reaches 100% relative humidity and its dew point  it is said to be saturated and can thus hold no more water vapor. As a result, the water vapor condenses to form water droplets and fog. Types of Fog There are various types of fog that are categorized based on how they form. The two main types though are radiation fog and advection fog. According to the National Weather Service, radiation fog forms at night in areas with clear skies and calm winds. It is caused by the rapid loss of heat from the Earths surface at night after it was gathered during the day. As the Earths surface cools, a layer of moist air develops near the ground. Over time the relative humidity near the ground will reach 100% and fog, sometimes very dense forms. Radiation fog is common in valleys and often when the fog forms it remains for long periods when winds are calm. This is a common pattern seen in Californias Central Valley. Another major type of fog is advection fog. This type of fog is caused by the movement of moist warm over a cool surface like the ocean. Advection fog is common in San Francisco and it forms in the summer when warm air from the Central Valley moves out of the valley at night and over the cooler air over the San Francisco Bay. As this process occurs, the water vapor in the warm air condenses and forms fog. Other types of fog identified by the National Weather Service include upslope fog, ice fog, freezing fog,​ and evaporation fog. Upslope fog occurs when warm moist air is pushed up a mountain to a place where the air is cooler, causing it to reach saturation and the water vapor to condense to form fog. Ice fog develops in the Arctic or Polar air masses where the air temperature is below freezing and is composed of ice crystals suspended in the air. Freezing fog forms when the water droplets in the air mass become supercooled. These drops remain liquid in the fog and immediately freeze if they come into contact with a surface. Finally, evaporation fog forms when large amounts of water vapor are added to the air through evaporation and mixes with cool, dry air to form fog. Foggy Locations Because certain conditions must be met for the fog to form, it does not occur everywhere, however, ​there are some locations where fog is very common. The San Francisco Bay Area and Central Valley in California are two such places, but the foggiest place in the world is near Newfoundland. Near Grand Banks, Newfoundland a cold ocean current, the Labrador Current, meets the warm Gulf Stream and fog develops as the cold air causes the water vapor in the moist air to condense and form fog. In addition, southern Europe and places like Ireland are foggy as is Argentina, the Pacific Northwest, and coastal Chile.

New School Essays

New School Essays New School Essay New School Essay I didnt think I would ever fall in love, come to think of it I never thought I would fall for Romeo, my best friend. Lets just say that love gets people in ways which you wouldnt expect.It was a Tuesday morning. It had finally come; the day when I was moving schools. I can still remember what was going through my head that morning. Thank god Im out of that shit hole I sighed, I was so nervous, what if I dont make any friends what if everyone hates me I sighed again. All those negative thoughts where rushing through my head, I was very sure I was gonna punk out but I kept my cool. I had just finished having a bath and I was going to find something to wear.Dont get me wrong I have so many clothes, but trust me its all about the mood the weathers in and the mood Im in. As soon as I opened my wardrobe, clothes came piling out DAMN! I thought I need to do some spring cleaning! I usually take a long time to get ready but seeing as this was my first day at a new scho ol I HAD to take my time. The sun was hitting in through my window so I decided to go ghetto and wear my denim dungarees, white tank top with top gurl written on it, and my dark blue converses.I put on some lip gloss, popped sum chewing gum in my mouth, grabbed my dark blue and light blue Nike Just do it bag and then I ran down the stairs to the kitchen, to find a note on the counter, it was from mum; Honey I have gone to work. Well duh I thought. Ten pounds is in the draw. P.s/make sure youre not late.I scrunched up the note and threw it in the bin. I then headed to the draw, pulled it open and took out the ten pounds that my mum had left for me.Mum works at a bank, I am considering studying law when I go to university. I know it seems like a long time away but youve got to be prepared. I love History and it just seems like a well paying job.My dad died of a liver cancer when I was two. So I guess it wasnt really painful for me at that time seeing as I was still very young and I di dnt understand what was happening. When I was in primary school nearly everyone had a dad I was really confused, it must have been hard for my mum because I kept on asking her where my dad was and shed always tell me that he was in a lovely place. Well Im hurt now because I didnt get to know him, and all I have is a picture of me in his arms when I was a newborn. Mum does date but they just come and go.I took my keys, my ipod, and my phone from the counter, and opened my front door. I realised that I had forgotten something and descended back to my kitchen counter to get my sunglasses. I got out of my house then I locked the door. I then unlocked my garage, and then I unlocked the chains from my electric scooter.The only reason I use an electric scooter is to get around because Im too young to drive a car and Im too young to ride a moped, its all good though. I had to save up and buy it with my own money (no fair) because my mum said she wasnt going to waste good money on an electri c scooter when she could spend it on something else and I said well then what Im I going to do?, she was like take public transport, I was like the bus? OH HELL NAH!!I walked my scooter out of the garage then I locked the garage door. Then I was finally off, I knew the location of the school because I had been there twice to take tests, and might I add that all of the tests I had taken I had passed. It took about fifteen minutes to get there on the scooter.It was the beginning of July, summer; my favourite part of the year, the sun was shining directly into my eyes so I put on my sunglasses. I also turned my ipod on, and it started playing so what by Field Mob ft. Ciara, that was the jam back then, and everyone was playing it.Im 5ft5 1/2; I like to think that thats an average height but people say Im short. I have shoulder length hair. Im a black girl with green eyes, Im 15 years old and Im a Scorpio, I think that zodiac is sick. I might get a tattoo of a Scorpion on my lower back w hen Im a bit older, my mum would kill me I ever got a tattoo done while living under her roof.2Different SceneryWhen I finally got to my new school my nerves returned. WELCOME TO ST. JOHNS where written in big bold black letters on the gate. I turned my ipod off and got off my scooter to chain it, I learnt that nearly half of the school owned electric scooters. Students were entering the school gates. I was told to go to the reception when I arrived. I walked on a long path to get to actual building. Once I got into the building I turned to my first right. There it was the reception just how it was the previous time I had been there to visit. I took off my sunglasses. Students were making their way to their form rooms.May I help you? asked the lady behind the deskShe was a stubby lady, probably over 40 and she looked like she had been working at St. Johns for a long time.Erm. Hi Im Khia Williams I replied in a low voiceNice to meet you Khia, you are the new student starting 10a, rig ht? she askedErm. Yea I answeredWell do not be nervous you will be just fine. You walk through the door just there she said pointing to a green door, she handed me a key with 301 on it that is for your locker, your class is on the second door to the right and you will see 10a written on the door. She explainedOk thanks I said walking off.All those negative thoughts that were rushing through my head earlier that morning were rushing through my head at that precise moment.I finally got to the door which had 10a written on it, it wasnt hard to find, and next to the classrooms were the lockers that the receptionist had given me a key for. I took a deep breath in and a deep breath out. I turned the knob of the door.Ah Khia Williams, I remembered the guy, Mr. Ross; I met him at the meeting with the head teacher the other time. He was so tall and he wore round glasses and his trousers were pulled up so they looked like ankle swingers, I tried not to laugh. Nice to see you again, as you kno w I will be your teacher for the rest of the year and this will be your form for the rest of the yearEverybody was staring at me, some smiling and some looking at me blankly until I heard a voice say:Girl even in dungarees you look sexyBy now all the boys were laughing. I looked to the back of the classroom, where I thought I had heard the voice come from. A boy was rocking on his chair smirking at me, I was sure it was him. He was a black boy with coolly hair; he had it tied up in a pony tail. He was wearing a white t-shirt, denim jeans and white air forces.Ok thats enough said Mr. Ross Khia take a seatBaby you can come and sit on daddys lap if you wantAaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhh!!!!! all the boys started laughing again.I took no notice of them; I thought to myself he must have been the stupidest boy in the class.I SAID THATS ENOUGH! Said Mr. RossEvery teacher has a strict side, everyone got quite.I started looking around for a seat then I saw him, Romeo, dark brown eyes with tight cornr ows all back but complicated and he had on a white head band, wore baggy denim jeans, white air force ones with a green tick and a white t-shirt, on top of that he had on a green and white Magic jersey. He wore diamond studded earrings on each ear and a sliver chain with a capital R on it. It was right then that I knew his name had to start with the letter R, I can still remember how he looked at me; he just smiled acknowledging me. I smiled back at him.You can sit here if you want he offered, his voice was so deep.For sure I said, eyes still on himSorry on behalf of my boy T hes crazy, dont mind him he apologisedHow sweet I thought, he apologised on behalf of his friend, who mind you was being incredibly obnoxious.I assured him Its all rightI sat next to him and might I add how he smelled mmmmmm cologne I thought he was the cutest boy in the class, and I also thought that we would set it off.Can everyone turn their text books to page 62 now said Mr. RossEveryone did as they were to ld; I and Romeo were sharing a text book. Even though we were told to settle down the room was still noisy, I thought to myself I am gonna fit in this class. I put my head down, and sat in silence.At the end of the math lesson, Mr. Ross handed me a diary and showed me the page were my schedule was. I checked for my next lesson and was disappointed to see that it was German. I had been learning German at my old school and I hated it. It was so boring but it wasnt optional. I put my diary into my bag, got up from my seat and was heading out of the door when I heard Romeo say; So what lesson you got now?I signed I got German from that sigh he could tell that I wasnt happy about it.Dont worry, I got German too and I hate it, but it aint optional, if it was up to me nobody would learning languages trust meI smiled at him. Those words made me feel a little bit better.Do you mind if I walk with you? he askedI answered SureIm Romeo he told me.I liked that name, the letter R I smiled to myse lfIm Khia I told him forgetting that he already knew my nameI know he said, I blushed and with that he smiled. I smiled back at him but that was a smile of embarrassment. So what school did you go to before coming here? he askedDouglas High I answeredCool cool I know people from there, from what Ive heard that schools alrightYea thats what I thought when I first started the schoolSo why did you leave? he askedI thought to myself, isnt this boy nosy. I didnt reply. Sorry for being so inner. We are here now he told meOh dont worry about it I saidHe smiled at that, I didnt really wanna tell anyone why I changed schools and I had my reasons. We were standing outside the class, Romeo decided to change the subject.I like your style he said smilingI like yours too, I said back, I really did like his style, in fact I loved his style.ThanksYour welcomeWe went into the classroom and sat down. We were sat next to each other. We were in complete silence simply because we had nothing to talk abo ut, until he asked me a question about German because he needed help.B-a-c-k-e-r-e-i I answeredFinally the bell went. In Douglas High we had six lessons but in St. Johns we have five lessons so I was quite happy about that. I started packing my books away into my bag.Im gonna meet up with my boys, Ill see you in the cafeteria soon. He said to meAll right see you later I answered backLater he saidThen he winked at me. He was off like a shot.3New FriendsI didnt know where the cafeteria was so I just followed the crowd. When I entered the cafeteria I went to get my food then started to look around for a table.I heard a female voice say; Khia! Right?I turned around to the direction of where the voice had come from. When I saw who it was I answered. The table was half full and everyone was munching.Yea, thats me I said politelyIm Chenelle, and this is Kerisha, Kelly, Shandrea and Chantay She said pointing to each girl We are the girls from 10a, you can jam with us if you want? she asked giving me a friendly smile.

Henry Clays American System Economic Plan

Henry Clay's American System Economic Plan The American System was a program for economic development championed in the era following the War of 1812 by Henry Clay, one of the most influential members of Congress in the early 19th century. Clays idea was that the federal government should implement protective tariffs and internal improvements and a national bank should help develop the nations economy. Clays basic argument for the program was that by protecting American manufacturers from foreign competition, ever increasing internal markets would spur American industries to grow.  For example, companies in the Pittsburgh region could sell iron to manufacturers on the East Coast, replacing iron imported from Great Britain. Various other regions of the country sought protection from imports that could undercut them in the marketplace. Agriculture and Manufacturing Clay envisioned a diversified American economy in which agricultural interests and manufacturers would exist side by side. Essentially, he saw beyond the argument of whether the United States would be an industrial or agricultural nation. It could be both, he insisted. When he advocated for his American System, Clay focused on the need to build growing home markets for American goods. He contended that blocking cheap imported goods would ultimately benefit all Americans. Nationalist Appeal His program  had strong nationalist appeal. Developing home markets would protect the United States from uncertain foreign events. Self-reliance could ensure that the nation was protected from shortages of goods caused by distant conflicts. That argument resonated strongly, especially in the period following the War of 1812 and Europes Napoleonic Wars. During those years of conflict, American businesses suffered from disruptions. The ideas put into practice included building the National Road, Americas first major highway; chartering the Second Bank of the United States, a new national bank, in 1816; and passing the first protective tariff the same year. Clays American System was essentially in practice during the Era of Good Feelings, which corresponded with the presidency of James Monroe from 1817 to 1825. Controversy Arises Clay, who had served as a representative and senator from Kentucky, ran for president in 1824 and 1832, advocating extending the American System. But by that time sectional and partisan disputes made aspects of his plans controversial. Clays arguments for high tariffs persisted for decades in various forms but often met with stiff opposition. In the late 1820s tensions over the role the federal government should play in economic development escalated to the point that South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the Union over a tariff in what became known as the Nullification Crisis. Clays American System was perhaps ahead of its time. The general concepts of tariffs and internal improvements became standard government policy in the late 1800s. Clay ran for president in 1844 and remained a potent force in American politics until his death in 1852. He, along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, became known as the Great Triumvirate of the U.S. Senate.

Summary on The Awakening by Kate Chopin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary on The Awakening by Kate Chopin - Essay Example The Awakening tells the saga of Edna Pontellier, a married woman and mother of two, who lives in the 18th century Victorian era. During that time, the world in itself was patriarchal and suppressed the species of women altogether, thus not providing women with the chance to neither express themselves, nor even think about their needs and wants. Edna faced similar situation in her life, as she had to conform to the society’s envisioned role for her, and take care of her family rather than acknowledging her needs and desires. However, throughout the book, Edna’s character undergoes significant change and she develops into something more than a mere puppet of the society. Edna’s awakening is depicted at various instances through the story, for example, when she tells Robert that she is â€Å"no longer one of Mr. Pontellier’s possessions† (113) and when she is at sea and she feels like a â€Å"new-born creature† (120). Though Edna stops conformin g to the general role of women cast by the society, and although she engages in a lot of rebellion, in the end she commits suicide, and it is left for the reader to think of this act as either representative of cowardice or her last rebellion. Through the awakening that Edna undergoes she tries to reverse the duality of life- â€Å"outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions,† which she has known since her childhood (18). That is, she not only physically rebels against the conformations of the society, but also she brings to surface all the questions she has stifled throughout her life. Edna’s character transforms when she finds herself vacationing with her family in Grand Isle, where she meets different people, each of whom have something new to teach her. Thus, in the process she learns three new languages, namely, verbal, artistic and sexual languages. She learns about the verbal language, that is, expressing

Juvenile Offenders with Life Sentences Research Paper

Juvenile Offenders with Life Sentences - Research Paper Example Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that to take a life through a forced confinement for the period of that life is as cruel and unusual for someone who cannot form mature intent as it is to forfeit that life. A proposed study of the effects of this sentence on these offenders will allow for a better understanding of the effects of the imposed consequence of their criminal actions. A review of secondary research provides overwhelming evidence that a moratorium on life sentences without parole is reasonable, Constitutional, and globally supported. As well, the effects on both the offender and on the community create support for this end to life without parole for these offenders. The proposed study would allow for offenders who have experienced adult prisons with no hope for release to come forward and share their stories with a researcher so that a better understanding of the real-life consequences can be studied and analyzed. The study of children who have been given life sentences within the United States brings to light a great need for further work to be done to realize the full impact of this practice. There is a glaring gap in the literature concerning juvenile delinquency about the effects of lifelong incarceration on children. The psychological differences between that of an adolescent mind and that of a mature adult have been disregarded where these instances are concerned and heinous consequences have been levied against children due to mandatory minimums and blind justice laws. Because of this neglect, penal institutions are ill-equipped to handle the special needs of an adolescent within the adult prison system, depriving these children of proper care and resources that are necessary for growth. In creating a study that looks at the experiences of children who have been sentenced to life without parole, the support for the abolition of this practice can be established through real-life experiences. On the other hand, the experiences might also show that life in an adult prison for these offenders is no crueler than it is for those who as adults are sentenced to life without parole. The secondary research supports the abolishment of this practice, however, and it is hoped that further study of the situation from an experiential point of view will support the hypothesis. In discovering the real-life stories of these children who grow into adulthood behind bars, researchers can better determine how to recommend change and growth within the juvenile justice system.

Abstract for the paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abstract for the paper - Essay Example There are healthy relationships between all levels of employees. They are characterized by respect and trust which promote innovation and responsibility. Apple’s leadership style and organization structure is also under scrutiny with special attention to the role of managers and their interaction with their subordinates and superiors. Apple Inc. adopts transformational leadership style while the organization structure is collaborative in nature. Each manager adopts a transformative style while also promoting centralized decision making that includes employees. The management of human resources at Apple Inc. is reviewed in this paper. The findings are that Apple Inc. is keen to hire and retain quality employees. It has recruitment strategies that focus on top students from different colleges as well as training and development programs to ensure that employees are equipped with contemporary practices in the industry. The training and development programs also aim at promoting t eamwork. This analysis of Apple Inc. will provide insightful information as on the management practices of Apple that are renowned for its success in the technology

History of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the United States - Essay Example Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction offered pardon to southern whites who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and accepted the abolition of slavery. Significantly, the Reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877 witnessed hostilities between the North and South and President Andrew Johnson was assassinated over the issue of reconstruction policy. "However, Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to punish the South for seceding from the Union. These two factions argued over Reconstruction policies and created further ill will between the North and South. Racism in the South also prevented the newly freed slaves from achieving equality in the political, economic, and social arenas of American life." (United States History to 1877) Therefore, Reconstruction in the United States which attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved was a long process which lasted from 1865 to 1877 and this paper makes a profound analysis of the reconstruction policies of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Abraham Lincoln made a vital step towards Reconstruction in the United States when he maintained that the freed slaves in the nation should be granted the rights of the American citizens instead of being urged to leave the country. The reconstruction process of President Lincoln gained the support of his loyal and reconstructed Unionists and this was an essential factor in the success of his policies. According to the reconstruction process of President Lincoln, the national government exerted an unprecedented amount of power to free the salves and guarantee their equal rights as free citizens. "That is why the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution contained clauses that 'Congress shall have power' to enforce these provisions for liberty and equal rights." (Reconstruction, 1863-1877) Significantly, Lincoln's reconstruction policy is best illustrated by the famous phrase in his Second Inaugural Address: 'With malice toward none, with charity for all' an d he was not able to complete the process of reconstruction due to his assassination in April 1865. After the death of Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was elevated to the Presidency of the United States and he was the only U.S. Senator from the South not to resign in 1861. The reconstruction policies of Andrew Johnson marked the formal completion of Reconstruction. Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies reflected his firm belief in states' rights, his vigorous opposition of black suffrage, and the intense hatred of the pre-war Southern plantation aristocracy. Although the official reason for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson was that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, the real reason was his stubborn defiance of Congress on reconstruction. According to Johnson's reconstruction policies, the states had to swear allegiance to the Union and ratify the 13th amendment in order to reenter the Union. He was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate officers and "favored states' rights on issues such as giving African Americans the right to vote." He "did not support the Freedman's Burea u and "took a conciliatory approach". (United States History to 1877) In comparison, the reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans were opposed to those of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew

Reflection assignment for The Pearl by John Steinbeck Essay - 1

Reflection assignment for The Pearl by John Steinbeck - Essay Example For instance in La Paz the Song of the Family is sung by Juana to keep away evil; at the start, amidst the Song of the Family, the appearance of a scorpion leads to the beginning of the Song of the Evil. This therefore means that an event that is bad or unpleasant may bring about the Song of Evil to one’s mind and afterwards the Song of the Family to fight such evil as happens in La Paz and interchangeably as happens at the beginning. At other times however, songs may interplay feeding one another as when Kino is busy diving for pearls. The five things Kino wishes to do with the money from the Pearl include; a proper marriage for him and his wife in church, a harpoon, a rifle, proper clothing for his family and sending his son Coyotito to school so that he can become schooled. They are important to Kino because by wedding properly in church, his respect will increase in the community and his wife will be happy. In addition to that, if his son gets schooled, then it means he will be able to read and also open books, Coyotito will also know and it is through him that they will also get informed. These wishes reveal the fact that humans are always searching and yearning for big and better things and are never satisfied by what they have. They are insatiable and want to better their lives no matter what stage of life, race or class they are in. The five things that Kino desires to do after selling the pearl include; marrying his wife in church which represents an opulent and fashionable way of marrying, mostly practiced by the rich. Kino also wishes to buy his son a cap for yachting together with a sailor suit from the US. This represents the good life that is enjoyed by the rich and Kino simply is dreaming of what the rich do with their money. Human beings envision that buying clothes and dressing expensively is one way of looking rich. Kino also desires for his son to go to

Job Description Essay Example for Free

Job Description Essay In today’s job market there are a lot of demands from employers. The business environment is constantly changing. Your knowledge, skills and abilities have to be able to meet the demands of the job market. Showcasing yourself and the familiarity and the experience with the procedure detail of the job is very important The Job Analysis. Goes hand in hand with a job description. A job description identifies characteristics of the job to be performed in terms of the tasks, duties and responsibilities to be fulfilled. (Youssef, 2010). It is basically a â€Å"snapshot† of a job. The job description needs to communicate clearly and concisely the responsibilities and tasks. (Lindenberger,2011) There are a lot of people competing for the same job. Ultimately who gets hired depends on the most qualified applicant. I would use a job description to make sure I get the most qualified person for the job. The person job fit has to be right has to definitely be compatible. Your skill highlights and the ability to successfully perform the job is a key factor. I would use a competency-based analysis. The potential employee definitely has to be competent enough to perform the qualities and requirements needed to effectively carry out a job like mines. My job description was to me very detailed. It was somewhat intimidating at first but once I got hired, I understood why. I am currently working as Assistant payment worker for the State of Michigan. The tasks and responsibilities is what my job duty requires of me from day to day. Which was very much detailed. It is assisting clients with getting the help they may need and providing resources for them. I assist client’s help with Food, Shelter and medical resources. I often go above and beyond what my tasks and responsibilities that are required of me, because of my human character I often feel sorry to see what people have to go through in this world. Sometimes in the job description you will see what the responsibilities include but are not limited too. So I would want someone dedicated to what there job is, but also a team player and don’t mind going the extra mile. In the end it’s all about customer service. The tools and technology used are also a key factor. Most jobs often require training once hired. But you at least need the basic skills of using computer software. Educational requirements would also be very important on a job analysis. A degree is preferred most of the time when applying for any job in the business field. If not a degree it is important to me, to at lease have a certain amount of college credits. Which is what needed to obtain my job. In order to gain some valuable information about candidates, there are different selection methods that should be used. Selection methods can narrow down potential candidates. (Youseef,2010) The approach and selection method I would use is testing, I think is a good method to use, especially when there are so many applicants applying for the same position. Testing will help to eliminate clients that are not qualified for the job. Testing will reveal how much knowledge a person has with general competency and knowledge needed for the job. The scores will tell it all. The Interview method is also another good method I would consider. Almost any job you apply for, you will have to have an interview, weather its in person or over the telephone. I have to interview clients everyday at my current job, to see if the fit the qualifications of receiving assistance. Being able to look at a person, and have direct interaction is important. When questions are being asked it will sometimes portray how honest a person is. You can tell by the body language or sometimes how directly a person answers a question if they are being truthful or not. It will show confidence. However there are different types of interviews. The one I would use is a panel discussion interview, which is having several interviewers asking questions. That can sometimes make a person really nervous. I know I was, but again if you have the skills and knowledge to prove it, then it shouldn’t be a problem A job description is just what it says, it describes the job. As a competitive employee, make sure you fit that description the best you can.

Analysis Of Tescos Corporate Strategy

Analysis Of Tescos Corporate Strategy In this report I have discussed Tescos corporate strategy. The first section provides background into the company and shows that it currently dominates the UK grocery market. The next section explains the importance of a corporate strategy for long term success in any market place. Tescos is operating a two tier strategy; the first includes expansion into non food products within the UK market and creating strategic alliance with RBS for example, to create Tesco Personal Finance. The next one includes aggressive expansion into overseas grocery markets. The main aim of this report will be to study the corporate strategy regarding expansion into Middle East India. This is followed by a review of Tescos expansion plans explaining why it is necessary for Tescos to expand into overseas markets. Some of the points discussed are that Tescos UK market share in the grocery has reached a saturation point and it faces price wars from budget supermarkets such as Lidl which puts a downward pressure on profit margins. Also, Tesco earns three quarters of its revenue from UK sales and in a competitive environment it and needs to expand into India and the Middle East to increase revenue sources. The next section provides analysis on Tescos corporate strategy. The first part of the analysis is based on Porters Generic Strategy that provide options available to Tesco to sustain a competitive advantage. Cost Leadership strategy is suitable for operations in India as low prices will attract volume sales. However a combination of differentiation and niche strategy is necessary to remain profitable in UAE market due to its smaller population but higher GDP per capita. Porters five forces model is used to assess the competition in the target market with use of generic strategys attributes to defend against these competitive forces. SWOT analysis is carried out to analyze Tescos present corporate strategy showing the external factors that influence the business. Strengths include Tescos high growth in UK and overseas and its commercial standing and known brand. It has access to cheap lending and Economies of scale. Its biggest strength is its consumer oriented approach which caters to needs and demands for local consumers. Weaknesses include potential to enter into price wars with has a detrimental affect on profit margins. Also while it may offer multiple non food product lines it may not be able to compete with specialist retailers. Finally regulatory barriers in India that restrict foreign ownership of retail stores could slow down expansion into the region. The report concludes by evaluating the present corporate strategy for Tescos expansion into overseas grocery markets. The expansion is important to sustain a competitive edge. Tesco needs to ensure that in order for successful expansion it needs to remain flexible and consumer oriented and avoid mistakes made by Walmart in Germany and Brazil and Carrefour in Eastern Europe. Introduction Background Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen in East London, It is now a UK-based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It is the largest British retailer by both global sales and domestic market share, with profits exceeding  £3 billion. It is currently the second largest retailer in the world based on profit. Originally specialising in food and drink, it has diversified into areas such as clothing, consumer electronics, financial services, telecoms, and home and health products. (http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/tesco_story/) The aim of this report is to analyse Tescos present corporate strategy with emphasis on what it could do to improve its business. I will provide evidence and reasons on why the companys present strategy has potentially high profitability and the aspects that need to be altered. Even though Tescos primary business of selling groceries is not unique but it is the business model that differentiates it from the rest and maintains its global market share. It has generated high profits through aggressive overseas expansion into US, Eastern Europe and South East Asia. It has maintained a strong customer focused business model, with extensive use of its club card loyalty scheme and utilizing top of the range information systems to maintain a very efficient supply chain. (P. McGoldrick, 2002) Tescos Corporate Strategy Strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determine the long term performance of a corporation. Many companies can manage short term bursts with high performance but only a few can sustain it over a long period of time.Of the original Forbes 100 companies listed in 1917, only 13 are still in business. (E.D. Beinhocker, 2006) In the last decade, Tesco brought about a lot of strategic changes and has grown to become UKs number one retailer. It is also considered to be one of Europes fastest growing financial company and probably the most successful internet supermarket in the world. (A. Seth G. Randall ,1999) Tescos is operating a two tier expansion strategy. The first part is expansion into non food sector within its home market in the UK. This includes offering home and health, pharmacy, telecommunications and financial services products. It has continued to maintain its market share in its grocery sales via aggressive pricing and targeted marketing while expanding into more risky and high profit areas with good success. Tesco setup a strategic alliance with Royal Bank of Scotland whereby it offers most of RBS banking services in its stores around the UK. It has taken advantage of its widespread network of stores. In 2008 Tesco Personal Finance had posted  £71m half year profits with 5.6m customer accounts. It is aiming to increase that profit including from other services including telecommunications to  £1bn. (J. Bamford and D. Ernst, 2002) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6257331.stm (The Economist, Supermarket Finance: A Mortgage from Tesco? 2nd Oct 2008) The second part of Tescos strategy is to expand its grocery business into Continental Europe, India, South East Asia and the Middle East Review of Tescos Expansion Plans Tesco has had great success in the UK market where it has gained over 30% of the grocery market share. There are too many hurdles such as restrictions from competition commission and local groups that will not allow Tesco to open many stores in new locations along with planning restriction in the UK. It has however continued to profit from its share in financial services and telecommunications sector. It also gained the first mover advantage when it launched tesco.com. From the figure above, we can deduce that majority of Tescos sales are from its UK operations (100-23.4 = 76.6%). This makes it more important to continue aggressive international expansion as it provides more opportunities for revenue growth. The UK grocery market share has reached a saturation point. With low cost brands such as Lidl and aggressive price war with ASDA in the UK, the profit margin for grocery products have fallen. The strategy is to diversity grocery sales into other countries and make use of the fast growing economy of India and cash heavy consumer of United Arab Emirates. In todays competitive environment Tesco cannot rely on three quarters of its revenues from one country. Of the worlds top 250 retailers, 104 have no international operations at all, according to Deloitte, a consultancy firm. Tesco could be the first one to enter the market in UAE and India to obtain the first mover advantage. (The Economist, Global Retailing:Trouble At Till, 2nd Nov 2006) In this report I will concentrate on Tescos strategy for overseas expansion in the grocery market as I believe it carries more opportunities and has higher growth potential. The primary objective of this report is on Tescos expansion plan in the India the Middle East. Analysis of Tescos Corporate Strategy The reason to carry out external analysis is to identify potential opportunities and threats facing Tesco. External analysis provides information that strategic managers use in planning, decision making and strategy formulation. It helps reduce environmental uncertainty (B.K. Boyd J. Fulk, 1996) Michael Porter has made major contribution to corporate strategy and I will use some models to judge potential of success for Tescos existing corporate strategy. Porters Generic Strategies They outline the three main strategic options available to Tesco to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. They are cost leadership, differentiation and focus/niche strategy. http://tatler.typepad.com/images/strategy.jpg Cost Leadership: The company producing products at the lowest cost can obtain competitive advantage. This strategy is suited to Tescos business operations in India as currently their involvement is restricted to wholesale sector. Foreign firms in India are unable to have 100% ownership at retail statge. Technopak, a Delhi-based retail consultancy, expects Indian retail sales to rise to nearly $430 billion by 2010. Modern retailers share will rise from just 3% now to 16-18%, it says. A low cost/low price business model will yield the highest returns and sales volumes due to size of Indias population. (The Economist, Retailing: Setting up shop in India, 2nd Nov 2006) Differentiation: It involves selling products that have unique attributes preferred by customers and as a result they are willing to pay a higher price. Although Tescos business of selling grocery products is not unique, Its business model differentiates it from rivals. Especially its club card loyalty program that allows Tesco to react to changes in consumer preferences faster and gain advantage by being the first one to address any new demand for products. Niche: Its usually suited to smaller corporations, they can enter particular segment of the market and offer specialist products. Michael Porter argued that in order to be successful in the long run, a firm must choose one of the strategies or they will not benefit. However, contemporary research has shown evidence of firms practicing such a hybrid strategy. Hambrick (1983 cited by Kim et al. 2004, p.25) identified successful organisations that adopt a mixture of low cost and differentiation strategy. A combination of differentiation and niche strategy would be most effective in the UAE market. First of all due to small population of 6m, Cost leadership model would not work as there is little potential for higher sales volumes. UAE is still a developing market and there are not many supermarkets chains with large market share. Also Tesco could offer unique products, such as its healthy living range and finest brand range that would appeal to the expatriates community which makes up 80% of UAEs population. GDP per capita of UAE is over $54,614 and high disposable income due to absence of income tax, this makes i t an ideal market for niche, high end products that carry high profit margin. M. Porter, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors http://tatler.typepad.com/images/strategy.jpg (The Economist, Retailing: Setting up shop in India, 2nd Nov 2006) Porters 5 Forces Porter explains that there are five forces inherent in markets that determine the level of competition and profitability for Tesco in UAE and India. The first force is the threat posed by new entrants, Tescos rivals, Wal-Mart and Carrefour are also expanding into overseas markets and this could lead to aggressive pricing to retain market share which may have a detrimental effect on profit margins. Currently Tesco has sufficient purchasing power to experience economies of scale which acts as a barrier to entry for other businesses. Also, it is planning a partnership with Bharti Enterprises in India where by Tesco will control wholesale market and distribution network responsible for supplying products to 5000 stores. (The Economist, Retailing: Setting Up Shop In India, 2nd Nov 2006) The second force is threat of substitutes, Grocery products have highly elastic demand and customers have alternatives if price is set too high. For example, in UAE retail sector, Tesco could establish itself as a premium grocery retailer. Once way to reduce the threat of substitutes is to diversify the business and expand into non food sectors. It could form strategic alliance with local firms to offer services, similar to its partnership with RBS in the UK. The third force is the threats from the bargaining power of buyers, this is strong for all retailers in the grocery market. It could gain significant market share if it offers products to cater for western expatriates as currently there is limited availability of English grocery items. Also, it could reduce threat of substitutes by extending its loyalty program to the UAE. Such as club card scheme, Healthy living club and Tesco Vine club etc. With prices for eating out rising fast, it could offer healthy and finest range ready meals to increase its customer base. Finally the threats from the suppliers bargaining power, its fairly low for Tesco as its usually a major customer for most suppliers and has the power to control its supplier pricing to an extent. Also in terms of rivalry, there is several small supermarkets within the UAE but none of the big ones such as Carrefour and Wal-Mart have yet entered the market. The five forces analysis gives an improved understanding of the degree of competition faced by Tesco. The analysis shows that the grocery industry can be highly competitive, with buyers possessing powerful influence over the large number of substitute brands available to them. From the previous section we can see that generic strategies each have attributes that help to defend against competitive forces. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis has proven to be the most enduring analytical technique used in strategic management. In a 2007 McKinsey Co global survey of 2700 executives, 82% stated that the most relevant activity for strategy formulation were evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the organisations and identifying top environmental trends affecting business performance over 3-5 years. (J. Choi, D. Lovallo A. Tarasova, McKinsey Quarterly Online, July 2007) Strengths Tesco has published sales gain of 13% for UK markets which is higher than rivals in the UK and 26% revenue growth in international markets. Tesco has a strong brand and excellent commercial standing. It won the retailer of the year 2008 award at World Retail Awards. On basis of its size and credit worthiness, Tesco can experience economies of scale and obtain funding for expansion into India/UAE even during credit crisis. Tescos approach is very flexible, they dont always push the Tesco brand name unless it has an advantage when entering a market, for example in Turkey Tesco maintained the name Kipa as local customers were familiar with it. http://www.worldretailcongress.com/page.cfm/action=Archive/ArchiveID=7/EntryID=1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4781458.stm (The Economist, Global Retailing: Trouble At Till, 2nd Nov 2006) http://www.worldretailcongress.com/page.cfm/action=Archive/ArchiveID=7/EntryID=1 Weaknesses There are regulatory barriers in obtaining retail trade licences in India. At present a foreign company can only operate as a distributor/wholesaler. However it is still a good opportunity to enter the market as a wholesaler and establish a distribution network. If it enters into a price war with local retailers, the margins will suffer and since UAE population is only 6million, the low margin high volume strategy will not be effective. Tesco is a public company and if it spends too much of its capital on overseas expansion the UK market may suffer in the short term and shareholder may oppose some expansion decisions. Tesco may offer multiple product lines in the same store, but since there are specialist stores for electrical products for example; Tesco may struggle in non food sector. (The Economist, Retailing: Setting up shop in India, 2nd Nov 2006) Opportunities UAE allow foreign investment and ownership which combined with ease of funding provide low barriers to market entry. Tesco has created a very efficient home delivery network in the UK, It could utilise its expertise to create the very first home delivery service for grocery products in the UAE. With wide access to the internet among UAE residents, Tesco could enter the online market for food and non food product. Economic growth in India has maintained at 6-8% per annum Despite the credit crunch UAE has experienced a growth rate of 23%in 2008 with double digit growth in grocery sales. The GDP per capita of a UAE is $54,607 making it an ideal location to offer high margin top end products such as the Tescos finest range. Tesco could follow its business model in the UK to setup strategic alliance with local firms to diversify its products and services on offer. http://uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_GDP_soars_23_to_Dh934_billion_in_2008_/36962.htm http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/index.aspx http://www.arabianbusiness.com/574404-uae-grocery-sales-growth-slumps-in-2009 Threats Rising prices of raw materials and food products may lower profit margins. People tend to vary of new brands. This problem can be overcome since Tesco has a strong internationally recognised brand. In addition Tesco tends to enter the market via partnerships or familiar brand name to avoid alienating the local consumer. Local communities in some parts oppose Tesco and other major retailers from setting up stores as they believe it will destroy their community and small businesses. Lower available income will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. Retailers who set out on foreign adventures need to remember three basic rules. First, dont forget the local touch. Wal-Mart got off to a bad start in Germany by appointing a country manager who did not speak German. In Brazil it failed to notice that people like to shop en famille: the aisles of its shops were too narrow to accommodate the standard family party. Successful foreign adventurers adjust their formats to local needs. BQ, a British do-it-yourself retailer, discovered that Chinese people look down their noses at doing things themselves. It became a buy-it-yourself, and get somebody else to do it for you, retailer. Second, make sure your timing is right. In 1995 Yaohan, an aggressive Japanese retailer, opened one of the worlds biggest department stores in Shanghai. It planned to build 1,000 Chinese shops. But a decade ago Chinese people were too poor to support its vision and in 1997 Yaohan filed for bankruptcy. Third, be selective about what you try. Tesco, which has been pretty successful in foreign markets, is shortly going into America-but with convenience stores only, because it reckons the supermarket business is too crowded. (The Economist, Global Retailing: Trouble At Till, 2nd Nov 2006) Conclusion In this era of globalisation an organisation can no longer trade in its locality and sustain a competitive advantage. Tesco needs to continue its expansion overseas as UK market has reached saturation point in the grocery sector. It needs at least half of its revenues from overseas operations to reduce its over reliance on UK sales. The Porters generic strategy and SWOT analysis shows some promising opportunities in India and UAE which could turn into profitable operations. Some of the potential threats can easily be overcome. The key to success for Tesco in its expansion strategy is flexibility and timing. India has recently allowed some Foreign Direct Investment even though its restricted to ownership of wholesale sector, its a good opportunity as retail sales in India are forecasted to be $430bn by 2010. Unlike Wal-Mart which failed to enter the market in Germany and Brazil due to lack of knowledge of local trends and consumer preferences. Tesco has been successful in entering several overseas markets. This is due to their consumer oriented approach and their study of local demand prior to setting up. Before expanding into the US, researchers, including a small cohort of Tescos top executives, spent two weeks living with 60 American families and studied their grocery purchasing habits. Strategic management is an ongoing process, the key for managers is to remain flexible, open and alert to changing circumstances. Strategies dont always succeed, results may fall short due to internal short coming or predictions about external opportunities and threats were inaccurate. Whatever the reason we change the strategy as needed to take advantage of new information.

On Iron Laws of Economics :: Economics Essays

On "Iron Laws" of Economics ABSTRACT: 1. A strong interest shown by modern society to the sphere of economic attitudes, and connected to it the growing authority of the economists. - 2. Perception about the "iron" laws of economics as highest criteria of economic activity and life in general (economic fatalism). - 3. An exploration of the most widespread motives of housekeeping: struggle for a survival, earning one's "life", earning on "the black day". - 4. Logical "circumvention" of all these motives confirmed by the daily facts. - 5. Managing for the sake of managing - professions for amateurs. - 6. Narrowing the sphere of action of the economic "laws" from "all" to "wishing". - 7. Optionality of the "iron laws" of economy, even for those wishing to be engaged in it. (with examples). Dependence of economy on ethics and psychology. - 8. The essence of the moderate fatalism, its incompleteness and discrepancy. - 9. Economics as a game, initiated and regulated by the government. Decreasing of the status of econo mic game with the eldering of the population. - 10. Inevitability of occurrence of "shadow" sector in economy, which considers as its basic purpose the obtaining of the profit. 11. A dilemma rising before any man without preconception: to admit economy to be a "dirty business", fun for the adults, or to search for the "third" way, which... 12. ...on my sight, consists of returning to the initial sense of the word: economics-a reasonable running of an economy, or keeping house keeping) - 13. The elementary analysis of this definition. - 14. The task of philosophy of economics in the given context. - 15. Concept of "organic economics" demanded by real life, instead of the obsolete, and diminishing influence of the exclusively mechanical approach. Universal character of this concept. "Economics is a special world, with it's own laws and problems, dramas and contradictions" — The textbook "Modern Economics" Respectable colleagues! It's unlikely, that I need to explain to any of you, what place in our life the phenomena of economic order has achieved. The well-known "market attitudes" have penetrated into practically every, sphere of our life, even most intimate. The leading economists, beginning from Marx and ending with the present "liberals", habitually incur the role of critics and prophets, predicting the possible and even the certain future. In their own declarations, they have the right to do it, because of a vast knowledge of the nature of economics.

Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and David’s The Oath of the Horati

Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and David’s The Oath of the Horatii Rousseau’s view on the relationship between the individual and the state and David’s painting ‘The Oath of the Horatii’ are two different genres with the same views, having French Revolution as the connecting factor. David’s painting is not done for art sake but rather an art for the people sake. His painting does not include only aesthetic purposes but includes with ulterior motives. David has a preconceive notion in his mind and has decided to give a pictorial representation of the preconceived notion and exploits all his techniques to ensure what is in his mind. It is because of Rousseau’s impact of philosophy that David was able to use his medium of painting to achieve his purpose. In ‘The Oath of Horatii’, Rousseau’s impact on David is expressed very well in the David’s neoclassical style which is characterized by clarity of line, logical and balanced composition, restrained facial expression, bold effects of light and a minimum of distracting detail. It is very apt for David’s purposes since the style enhances and highlights David’s purposes in conveying his political messages. The Horatii were chosen as champions of ancient Rome (Audio-Visual Notes 2001) and the legitimacy of being chosen as champions suggests the power of the state. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a person or institution has authority if they are able to command others to do things. That authority is legitimate only if the person, or institution, possesses the right to command others. To be legitimate, the authority the state has over the people must come from the people themselves, and not from a single entity such as the king. Power that comes from such sources is usually referred to as naked power. In such a scenario, we cannot totally agree that the Horatii were comfortable with the title as champions. They might be indulged to obey the state because they ought to, or because they are afraid of the consequences. In contrast, they might be honoured to be chosen as champions of Rome and this title might influence them into offering their lives on behalf of the country. On the viewer’s left, a third of the vertical space is dedicated to three men, Horatii, who are sons to the man, Horatius. The lights flood across the scene onto the viewer’s right side, illuminating the main characters and presenting th... ...r heads are facing down with eyes closed with their backs slouching. These choices of colours, postures and gestures suggest that David wants to create the solemn ambience within the female figures and the contradiction of their particular will against the general will of the state. In Rousseau’s view, particular will is concerned with an individual’s advantage. The ladies may be convinced by their three brothers and their father to think that their particular will is the product of appetite while general will is the product of reason. Since a person acting on his appetite is slavish and bad, while a person acting on reason is noble and good, they should therefore obey the general will and allow their brothers to fight; even to the extent of having duels with their own family members. With the cross referencing between Rousseau’s views and David’s painting â€Å"The Oath of the Horatii† that has been presented, we can conclude that it is because of Rousseau’s impact of philosophy that David was able to use his medium of painting to achieve his purpose and this is evident through the pictorial representation in conveying particular will and the general will of â€Å"The Oath of the Horatii†.

Estimated Heat Distribution by Convection in Water Essay

Introduction This report assesses the distribution of heat by convection in water to estimate the heat conductivity of water. The transfer of heat from a heating coil to a fluid is conduction but the heat transfer within the fluid is convection. This is basically fluid flow of particles arising from nature, heat, chemical or kinetics. The distribution of heat is assessed with various factors introduced. In this case a magnetic stirrer and a motor. This report presents an estimate of the effect of free and forced convention on the distribution of heat in water. Experimental method The apparatus were arranged as shown in fig. 1. A beaker of five litre capacity was places on a motor, four litres (4L) of cold water was put in a beaker. A heating coil and three thermometers were placed at various depths in the beaker of water and their various distances from the base of the beaker were recorded. Power was supplied to the motor and heating coil and at intervals of four minutes each; the temperatures on all three thermometers were read simultaneously. After four successful readings, the electricity supply was disconnected and the ambient temperature was recorded. This same procedure was repeated twice, the first with a magnetic stirrer and the next time without the magnetic stirrer but the motor operating. Distance from base (m) Temperature (C) Heating Coil 0.08 – T1 0.02 24 T 2 0.09 24 T 3 0.12 24 Table 1. Distances of apparatus and initial temperature readings of the water. Table 1 shows the ambient temperature readings collected before the experiment was carried out. It also shows the positions of the heating coil and thermometers from the base of the of the beaker. Results The time was kept in minutes to measure the intervals at which readings were taken. The temperature of the water was measured with thermometers in degreed Celsius and recalculated in degrees Kelvin and the positions of the heating coil and thermometers were also measured in meters. Time (minutes) T1 (0.02m) T2 (0.09m) T3 (0.12m) 0 24 24 24 4 24 28 32 8 24 39 42 12 24 46 49 16 24 54 56 Table 2: Free convection Time (minutes) T1 (0.02m) T2 (0.09m) T3 (0.12m) 0 20 20 20 4 26 26 26 8 32 32 32 12 37 37 37 16 42 42 42 Table 3: Forced convection (stirrer and motor) Time (minutes) T1 (0.02m) T2 (0.09m) T3 (0.12m) 0 20 20 20 4 20 29 32 8 21 36 38 12 21 44 46 16 22 51 54 Table 4: Forced convection (motor only) Fig 2: Free convection Fig 3: Forced convection (stirrer and motor) Fig 4: Forced convection (motor only) The readings and results derived from the experiment are being used to calculate an estimate amount of energy input and compare it with the theoretical value. Q represents energy input represents the power input t represents the duration for which the water was heated at 220v = 300w, but since 240v was used corrected value of = 300 240220 = 358 w = 16 minutes60 = 960s = 327.3960 = 314208J = 314.2 KJ Experiment 1. Free convection Assuming density of water to be 1000kg/m3 Cp = 4.18KJ/kgK = 24 – 24 = 0 = 54 – 24 = 30 = 56 – 24 = 32 = 4/34.18(0 +30 +32) = 345.55KJ Experiment 2. Forced convection (stirrer and motor) = 42 – 20 =22 = 42 – 20 =22 = 42 – 20 =22 = 4/34.18(22 +22 +22) = 367.84KJ Experiment 3. Forced convection (motor only) = 22 – 20 = 2 = 51 – 20 = 31 = 54 – 20 = 34 = 4/34.18(2 +31 +34) = 373.41KJ Estimates of errors involved in this experiment are a follows:- Time = 1 second in 60 seconds Length = 0.01 meters of 0.1 meters Temperature = 1 C Discussion In the experiment that involved forced convection from both the motor and stirrer the heat distribution was better and more accurate. This can be confirmed by the comparison of the energy input calculated based on experimental values with the energy input calculated based on the theoretical values. Readings to support this is shown in Table 3 and fig 3. A poor distribution of heat occurred in the first experiment where the water was heated freely. This is represented in Table 2 and figure 2 and by comparison of the experimental and theoretical values of the energy inputs. In experiment 3 where only the motor was used the graph 3 and figure 4 shows a better distribution of heat compared to experiment 1. Conclusion In a freely heated body of water, higher temperatures are taken from closer to the surface and lower temperatures towards the bottom. With introduction of kinetic energy from the stirrer and motor, the velocity of fluid flow increased thereby increasing the rate of heat transfer and the even distribution of heat through the water. This shows that water is a poor conductor of heat energy if heated with free convection.

Multinational Enterprise Structures the Economy

A major player in the international political economy is the multinational corporation or multinational enterprise as these structures of economy are commonly referred to. These are business or firms that hold offices and/or major production facilities in two or more different countries. The multinational corporation therefore is any business whether private or public that extends its production facilities or embarks in huge investments in capital across national boundaries. Since the end of World War II, the dominate western countries of Europe and the United States have long been the main headquarters of these multinational corporations, while the lesser developed nations of the world have been the sites for these corporations subsidiary markets and production facilities. On the subject matter of these multinational corporations, there exist two preeminent sources for the political science student in international political economics. The first is Richard Caves, whose article â€Å"The Multinational Enterprise as an Economic Organization† explains the creation and existence of the multinational corporations as a facility to more easily transport capital across international borders. The other source Osvaldo Sunkel, in his article â€Å"Big Business and Dependencia: A Latin American View† believes the multinational corporations have been a major political, economic and social boundary to pure economic growth in Latin America and has put a strangle hold on their own attempts to enter the global market. Richard Caves† viewpoint is that multinational corporations act as a facilitator to the movement and trade of the hard to price assets of a multinational firm. Specifically in terms of business and trade, there are manufactured goods, which are easy to move across international boundaries essentially. Yet, within the market there are many circumstances where transactions are hard to impossible to complete due to the markets ability to establish a fair price on certain assets. The reason for this inability is not due to the nature of the economy mind you, it is that these assets are non-physical. Assets such as patents and copyrights, the new technologies that arise from them and managerial expertise are all assets that cross international boundaries. According to Caves, the multinational corporation is in existence to move these assets across international borders. The multinational corporation in this process takes on three different models according to Caves. The first is a multi-plant firm that produces the same goods in several geographically different locations. This is the static model of â€Å"horizontal multi-plant enterprise† as Caves refers to it. It is the most thoroughly basic kind of Multinational Corporation. The factories abroad are controlled under common management, and are run and operated in the most cost effective locations of production. In most cases of the horizontal multi-plant enterprise, the products or their effects are mobile between national markets. This horizontal enterprise will produce goods that may deprecate but will not have a short life span of productivity. The second model is the â€Å"vertically integrated multinational enterprise†; this is a corporation wherein the outputs of the corporation†s plants serve as inputs to another of the corporation†s plants. This is used in most cases to reduce the cost of production of certain goods. Semiconductors for example are made by the advanced technicians in highly industrialized countries, while the process of soldering the wires and boards of the conductors can be done in a lower-wage country. The third type of multinational firm is the â€Å"diversified company†, which is a company whose plants inputs and outputs are neither horizontally nor vertically related. The reason for the creation of this firm is the multinational corporations bid to increase the diversification of the corporation†s interests abroad. This is done to increase the viability of a company, whether it is to inflate stock prices or some other arbitrary goal of the corporation. This view is quite different than the view of Osvaldo Sunkel, in his article â€Å"Big Business and Dependencia: A Latin American View† Sunkel brings to light the idea of Dependencia: Which is the control of Latin American markets by United States and European multinational corporations. This control of Latin American industry for well over 200 years by the US and Europe has radically altered the socio-economic development of this region. And has added to the dispensation of their current markets since the 1930†³s, which has led to an economic stagnation for many Latin American countries. Sunkel brings to light several points that show how the multinational corporations, be them Horizontal or Vertical. How these corporations do not benefit the country that houses the subsidiary, moreover the corporations home country benefits many times over than the exploited country. Sunkel†s argument is very clear; the very infrastructure of the Latin American economy is based on a hierarchy, whereas the core nations of the world†s economy use their strong positions to exploit the weaker economies. Robert Gilpin refers to this as Structuralism; it is a major school of thought in international political economy. This theory of â€Å"Dependencia† causes many socio-political, and socio-economical problems in the Latin American countries. Sunkel states that when the more powerful United States placed increasingly manufacturing complexes in Latin America the local centers of production were either swallowed by the larger company or put out of business by the lower prices of giant conglomerate. This led to the eventual decrease in exporting that benefited the local market. Sunkel, makes this point very clear: that the trade between the core nations and Latin American never left exploitation not unlike the colonialism of 200 years ago. Whereas Europe used to subvert the local population and exploit the natural resources, the core nations now use the large corporations to do this instead. A bulk of Latin American trade has been replaced with this intra-firm/corporation transfer of products. It benefits the core nation even more, because not only does a bulk of the product or material go to the corporation†s home country, but also the majority of the profit follows the same line. This lack of real trade and a concentration of wealth in the core nations have made the Latin countries even more tied to the elite through huge loans and aid from the IMF and World Bank. Caves and Sunkel share very different mindsets, while Caves believes that the multinational corporation extends the scope of the world economy. Sunkel believes that it exploits the Latin American market, by reducing the capitol in the working class and middle class the corporations take capitol from the local economy that could be used to improve the social condition.

Business Entities Essay

Introduction: Most business entities, specifically those small enterprises use the manual process of recording inventories. They record inventories manually on a paper, as well as the product bought, sold and stored. The very in inconvenient process of recording manually made the researcher come up with the idea to make an electronic record keeping system for the improvement of the workflow and productivity in the pharmacy while a series of embedded safety checks yields unparalleled accuracy and greater overall safety prescription purposes. Background of the Study: The researchers realize the current system of pharmacy record keeping system was out-dated and unable to cope with a recent sharp increase in disbursement of medications. This study will be established with the aim of bringing in an electronic record keeping system that would be efficient, easy to learn and sustainable. The researcher will tend to make a system for the easier way of providing information about the product bought, sold, and stored. In addition, the system will attempt to provide receipts using the new system to show the effectiveness of modernizing the company’s current system. This system tends to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the process done by the company. The convenience of this new system will help to promote the company as well as to help its employees do an easier task for the enhancement of the system process. Statement of the problem: Ethical and efficient works are very important in merchandising company like drug stores. Erroneous and mistaken of records will lead the company in a bigger problem. We listed some problems that the company will possibly encounter: 1. Who is responsible in handling and keeping the transaction’s record? 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the business? 3. How the company competes with the same kinds of business? 4. How to increase the profit of the business? 5. How many workers needed to generate the business? 6. What are some techniques and strategies that will work on in the business? 7. How to enhance the continuality of the business operation? Objective of the Study: * It will help the _____________ Drugstore in providing the information needed by the business to improve their performance and to maximize their profit in general. Efficient and accurate recording of transactions will lead to intermediary success. * Provide the system that will arrange the sales and inventory of the business. * To help the owner and manager in recording and monitoring their business transactions so that they can identify if their business can earn a profits or losses. * The system will also benefit the customers in providing them the right medicine in a good and appropriate price for their illness. * The system will also provide the record of Payroll for each employee. Significance of the Study: * By conducting a proper feasibility study, the target audience can be clearly identified along with their purchasing power. This process will determine the economic prowlers of a proposal by a business. * To investigate ways to improve the inventory process of retail pharmacy. * The feasibility study will look at how certain proposal can work in a long-term basis or withstand financial risks that may come. * By conducting feasibility study, we would be able to know the circumstances faces by the pharmacy. * We can formulate answer to our problem. * Inventory system help companies with huge inventories to easily and accurately monitor their stocks. With the use of database, information will be readily available to the user and can be easily updated without having to scroll through spreadsheets. Scope and Limitations: Pharmacy seems to be one of the most important businesses in our society. But nowadays the inventory processes of those pharmacies are crucial. This feasibility study is conducted for as to formulate a system in which those pharmacists can easily access to their products. Pharmacy inventory system facilitates to manage a day to day basis for taking care of pharmacy inventory accurately and efficiently. The system will keep tracks of the records, purchases, stock, and expiry. A simplified computerized inventory system will be very helpful to the company since this will expedite its inventory workflow as well as generate very timely reports needed by the management for its evaluation and review and overall decision making. Our study will focuses on how we are going to impart a system which could help the inventory process is at risk. They cannot easily know if their certain product is out of stock or not. We aim to rationalize information of a proposed business in order to provide a clear rationale of basic factors in marketing which includes the strength and weakness. We focus on helping answer in the essential question of â€Å"should we proceed with proposed project idea?†

Better Viewed in the Nude Essay example

Better Viewed in the Nude Essay example Better Viewed in the Nude Essay example Nemiah Brown Professor Murphy English 1101 Better Viewed in the Nude In 1972, John Berger’s Ways of Seeing finally addressed the differences in the social presence of men and women. Berger argues that women are always the object of sight and that men are always assumed to be the observers. Berger concludes that â€Å"women are depicted in a quite different way from men – not because the feminine is different from the masculine – but because the ‘ideal’ spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of woman is designed to flatter him (64). Berger’s argument proves to be evident as more and more women are portrayed as objects, evidenced by many advertisements in magazines such as, Essence and BusinessWeek. Women in today’s advertisements have been posed to sell objects, thus they have become the object and a sight for men. Advertisements today have convinced women that everything they do or should do is for the pleasure of a man. While flipping through the pages of these magazines, one might run into words that read â€Å"pick up some pretty,† like in Target’s ad in Essence Magazine. This concept is constantly reflected in the ads of several recognized magazines. In many of these ads, the copy suggests that the woman is just not flattering enough; they have more to offer her, to enhance her image. The only reason her image must be â€Å"pretty† is because she must be flattering to her male spectators. Men have convinced women to maintain their hair, nails, make up and clothes; women now believe in these unrealistic identities. Women have been persuaded to think that they must maintain a flawless image of beauty or they will not be valued by men. On the cover of Business Week’s August 15-August 28, 2011 issue, a woman stands in forefront. Across the front of her body, the word â€Å"popularity† appears in bold, capitalized letters. She is wearing, what appears to be a one shoulder dress, however, on the dress there are an assortment of items such as: packs of Oreos, a computer keyboard, a miniature basketball, Tide laundry detergent, a pack of Marlboro cigarettes, a bobble head, a bottle of perfume, cans of Coca Cola sodas, bags of Lays chips, packs Orbit gum, and many other items. Every item on her dress is labeled with arrows pointing with the correct indication of what the item is. The woman’s eyes are opened wide, her mouth is slightly opened, and her eyebrows are raised; her overall facial expression looks distraught. Every object is strategically placed on the woman’s dress, the woman is then placed in the dress; she becomes the object of sight. â€Å"Men of state, of business† will lo ok at the cover of this magazine and be â€Å"reminded [that he is] a man† and the woman pictured is an object (Berger 57). The spectator is allowed to watch this distraught woman and pass judgment on her, which is suggested by the arrows, while she stares back at him. The cover itself has very little connection to business, thus the whole purpose is to objectify women and the ideal spectator or audience is assumed to be men in business. Today, advertisements are tactical and creative with how they pose their female models; they focus mainly on the physical features of their bodies and display them at largest. They prioritize the audience’s wants first and position their model to accommodate the thoughts of the spectator. According to Berger, â€Å"the way the [advertiser] has [posed] her includes her will and her intentions in the very structure of the image, in the very expression of her body and her face† (58). In Levi’s Curve ID ad in Essence Magazine, two young females appear; one woman extrudes her lower back out to poke her buttocks out in her Levi jeans. Her face looks noticeably uncomfortable and is awkwardly turn to where her neck does not appear at all. Her hair is roughly placed in a ponytail that extends down her back. The other woman lies partially down in her Levi jeans; her legs are up on the

The Cid

The Cid The Infants of CarriÂÆ' ³n and many other noble of all the kingdoms of Spain arrived at Valencia. The Cid did much honor to them. In individual it distinguished to his futures to sons-in-laws, the Infants. He sent that Pedro Bermudez and Muno Gustioz took care of and took care of the Infants personally.The weddings were celebrated in the great room of the palace. Throughout carpets, silk and purple were seen. The hour arrived and the horsemen of the Cid joined themselves there with great haste. The Infants inclined before the Cid and Do6na Jimena. Pondering the Cid said " Since we must do it, why we are it taking?" It ordered to Alvar Fanez that began the rite and that it gave to its daughters with its own hand. All to the church went later of Santa Maria where Don JerÂÆ' ³nimo, the bishop, gave its blessing.The Cid and his, to celebrate the event, made a great sample of their skill with the arms.Espaà ±ol: El Cid. Franà §ais : El Cid.Matches were made in a near sandy ground and, on the following day before eating, the horsemen broke seven wooden castles in the field.At the end of the fifteen days of celebration, the Cid gave rich gifts to all the present horsemen and these returned to their rich kingdoms and contentments. The Infants of CarriÂÆ' ³n remained to live in Valencia with their women and the Cid.

Basics of Astronomy essays

Basics of Astronomy essays #1) (A) Issac Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies attracted to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the further apart these two attracting bodies are from each other, the less the gravitational force between them is. The force of gravity depends on the product of the mass of the two attracting bodies. If the distance between the two bodies doubles, the force between them becomes one quarter of the force it was before. The Law of Universal Gravitation is vital because it mathematically proves Keplers Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The Planets follow the same laws of motion as objects on the surface of the earth. (B) Newton discovered other types of orbits that have circular of elliptical paths. However, if the velocity of an orbiting body were increased, its orbital path would change to a parabola or hyperbola and it would escape the gravitational pull of the sun. It would then leave the solar system. Parabolas are the orbital paths of objects in the form of an open curve. If one cuts out an angle in a circular cone, it would follow this path parallel to the sides of the cone. Hyperbolas occur when a plane cuts across two parallels half-cones. Keplers laws applies to any situation where two bodies in the universe orbit each other due to their mutual gravitational attraction, not just two planets. For example: Moons that orbit planets, such as the four Galilean Moons that orbit Jupiter. #2)(A) The reflecting telescope, which uses a mirror to attract light was perfected by Isaac Newton in 1668 although it was developed by John Gregory in 1663. The refracting telescope, which uses a lens to attract light was developed by a Dutch optician in 1608 named Hans Lippershey. Two other inventors were Zacharias Jannssen and Jacob Metius. However, Galil...

Practice in Turning Adjectives Into Adverbs

Practice in Turning Adjectives Into Adverbs Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. The adverb softly, for instance, comes from the adjective soft. (Note, however, that not all adverbs end in -ly. Very, quite, always, almost, and often are some of the common adverbs that are not formed from adjectives.) Instructions In each set below, complete the second sentence with an adverbial form of the italicized adjective in the first sentence. Example: Original:  Gus is usually a careful driver.Adverbial form: He always drives carefully when children are in the car. When youre done, compare your answers with those below. Practice Exercises We live on a quiet suburban street. Even the dogs bark _____.This is a dangerous road. Were driving _____ close to the shoulder.My friend Alice is a polite young woman. She asked _____ if she could borrow my boyfriend.The clown made a deep impression on my daughter. His sad smile touched her _____.I apologize for my foolish behavior. Yesterday I acted _____ in class.Ferdinands apology sounded sincere. He said he was _____ sorry for driving over your motorcycle with his tractor.I ordered a manual transmission. Are the windows operated _____?Shyla made a generous contribution to the Salvation Army. She gives _____ every year.This morning Gus had an accidental encounter with an ice cream van. He _____ backed his pick-up truck into the van.Marvin is a graceful infielder. He moves _____.This is an easy assignment. I expect to pass _____.Merdine is a brave woman. She _____ challenged the principal and the school board.There was a rapid change in the weather. The temperature dropped _____.I m troubled by my brothers strange behavior. Yesterday I heard him talking _____ to our cat. My father is a cautious man. When everyone else is upset, he speaks softly and acts _____. Exercise Answers   We live on a  quiet  suburban street. Even the dogs bark  quietly.This is a  dangerous  road. Were driving  dangerously  close to the shoulder.My friend Alice is a  polite  young woman. She asked  politely  if she could borrow my boyfriend.The clown made a  deep  impression on my daughter. His sad smile touched her  deeply.I apologize for my  foolish  behavior. Yesterday I acted  foolishly  in class.Ferdinands apology sounded  sincere. He said he was  sincerely  sorry for driving over your motorcycle with his tractor.I ordered a  manual  transmission. Are the windows operated  manually?Shyla made a  generous  contribution to the Salvation Army. She gives  generously  every year.This morning Gus had an  accidental  encounter with an ice cream van. He  accidentally  backed his pick-up truck into the van.Marvin is a  graceful  infielder. He moves  gracefully  when making a double play.This is an  easy  assignmen t. I expect to pass  easily.Merdine  is a  brave  woman. She  bravely  challenged the principal and the school board.There was a  rapid  change in the weather. The temperature dropped  rapidly. Im troubled by my brothers  strange  behavior. Yesterday I heard him talking  strangely  to our cat.My father is a  cautious  man. When everyone else is upset, he speaks softly and acts  cautiously.

Cause and Effect of the Crash of Alaska Airlines Flight261 Essay

Cause and Effect of the Crash of Alaska Airlines Flight261 - Essay Example The National Transportation Safety Board said that the probable cause of the accident was â€Å"a loss of airplane pitch control resulting from the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly's acme nut threads†. The thread failure was caused by excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines' insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly (NSTB, January 31, 2000).But when I watched the video and upon reading the transcriptions of the investigations of the National Transportation Safety Board, I realized that the jack-screw is only a participating evident of inefficiencies of the system.The circle of event shows inefficiencies on the maintenance system of the Alaska Airlines; as mechanics and authorities of the airlines dismissed warnings that the jack screw is already overused and that it may caused future problems. Perhaps reason for this is the cost of replacement is expensive. However, had it been regularly oiled and lubricated, the prob lem maybe did not exist. Clearly, at this level of ground maintenance, something is already amiss.Going to the pilots, there is no reason not to believe they are experts in their fields, but the captain lacked the will to exercise its authority to act in an emergency. Upon knowing of the problem at the tail of the aircraft, they had plenty of time to return, or land in the nearest field. The captain wanted to emergency land in Los Angeles airport, but was discouraged by the Alaskan Airlines operator at the Tower.

ECONOMICS OF warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ECONOMICS OF warfare - Essay Example Difference-indifferences estimator is used in econometrics to investigate how changes in variables in the environment affect the macroeconomics. Armed conflict is one of the factors that affect economic growth and development. A number of studies have been carried to establish the adverse effect of armed conflict on the economy of a nation. The researchers have been using the difference-in-differences idea to try to understand the significance of armed conflict on the outcome of an economy (Wooldridge, 2009). Armed conflict has serious economic implications. Historically, wars have destroyed economies that were robust and were promising. The world wars were unfortunate occurrences that brought the world economies into an economic crisis. Although most countries recovered for the fiasco, conflicts persist especially in African countries. Rwanda is one of the countries that were worst hit by armed conflict. The enmity between the Hutu and Tutsi saw the world witness one of the deadliest genocides. The two ethnic communities fled their country to go and seek asylum in neighboring countries. Property was destroyed. Lives were lost. Consequently, the within a short period, the country’s economy was on the verge of being bedridden. Intervention from the international community and other humanitarian agencies mitigated the conflict that had threatened to escalate to uncontrollable levels. Due to the intervention, salinity was brought in the country. Development partners and non-governmen tal organizations flocked the state with an objective of aiding them recover from the aftermath of the armed conflict. Furthermore, Rwanda became a case study of economists who started investigating the implication of the War on Rwanda’s economy. The World Bank is among one those development partners that examined the impact of the event. Researchers of the study used the