Question answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Question answer - Essay Example Notably, finance minister of State X was present at the signing of the agreement between the two parties and after signing the document, the finance minister added the words â€Å"approved and ratified† and the minister also placed his own signature. Later on, a dispute aroused where OIC initiated a settlement proceeding in accordance with the procedures set out in the joint venture contract specifying both IPF and State X. However, State X argued that settlement tribunal has no jurisdiction over it. The major case issue is that whether State X can be excused from participating in the suit or not. With regard to the case, it can be stated that State X cannot be excused from participating in the suit. As the common law of contract in Australia affirms that any third party benefitting from the contractual agreement is liable to sue the other major party under the contractual agreement and vice versa. Nonetheless, privity of contract states that only the major parties entering in to the contractual agreement has the right to sue each other if any dispute arises. Simultaneously, the doctrine of privity of contract denies any obligations or liabilities to third party1. However, the doctrine of privity states that the major party has the right to sue the third party benefiting from the contract. ... over the performance of IPF, it cannot be denied that any action performed by IPC is governed by and taken with the active participation of State X2. Thus, the action of IPC cannot be distinguished from State X. In addition, State X also affirmed the contract by providing its approval and rectification as well as the finance minister of State X placed his signature to the contractual agreement which provided an evidence of State X’s involvement to the contractual agreement entered between OIC and IPF. At the same time, it can be argued that finance minister of State X was endorsing the contract but he was not making government as a party to the contract entered. Despite this aspect, it can be stated that State X should not be excused from participating in the suit. Additionally, the arbitration tribunal has sole power to involve State X in the suit. QUESTION 2: Considering the case of the Republic of Argentina et al v. Weltover Inc. et al., The United States used the Foreign S overeign Immunities Act of 1996 to bring suit against Argentina for a default on bond repayment. According to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1996, statutory method can be ascertained from the United States courts to acquire jurisdiction over non-US sovereign. It offers that any person in the United States can seek for jurisdiction for disputes resulting from business transactions to non-US sovereign. It immunises non-U.S. states from jurisdiction of US court unless any exceptional scenario applies. Accordingly, Supreme Court of the USA has characterised â€Å"commercial activity† as the most important exception. This exception provides the verdict regarding which party can apply for lawsuit against the non-US sovereign in the US court. As part of a plan to stabilise petitioner, the Republic of

Crown Cork Seal Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crown Cork Seal Company - Case Study Example The strength of the Crown Cork Seal Company had appointed a leader known as McManus who was energetic and made rate of returns of the company to increase as it had previously suffered from heavy losses due to loss of patents. John Connell instituted the aspect of accountability through ensuring that its managers took control of all activities of the company in the right way .It also provided quality goods and served the customers in the right way (Bacon 102). The major weaknesses of the company were; reduction of patents for producing bottle caps for manufactures of soft drinks and brewing companies that lead to stiff competition from competitors in the industry. In April 1957, Bank Trust Company stated that it would not led it any more credit to run its operations thus was at the verge of bankruptcy. The company realized its opportunities through abandoning its paternalistic culture where the structure of the company was well made to accommodate the ideas of its employees in order to improve on its performance. John Connell set up strategies aimed at reducing the amount of debts through paying bank its debt by reducing its inventory and closing some of its plants that were not generating any income to the organization. The numbers of its staff were as they were not fulfilling their obligations as required thus led to poor performance of the company (Bacon 102). The small change of having may companies demanding for the can products did lead to the declining of the profit margin of the can manufacturing companies Porter's five forces analysis It is technical framework that is used to analyze an industry through studying the macroeconomic forces that are close to a company that has an ability to serve the customers in the best way possible as well as increase its sales returns. Strategy consultant uses this technique to evaluate that strategic position of a firm. The forces include; forces of horizontal competition such as threat of substitute products, threat of established firms and threat of new entrants. A vertical force of competition involves the bargaining power of both suppliers and customers of an organization (Grant 64). The metal industry consist of five firms such as American national Can ,Reynolds metal, Ball corporation, Corn cork seal, Van Dorn company, continental can and Heekin can companiys.These companies faced stiff competition from other companies that used aluminum and steel to make containers for packing their products. The company's included; Brewering Company's and soft drink bottlers. For instance the soft drink and brewering companies wanted to have greater economies of scale through having a suitable market share by obtaining price discounts for their packaging materials. The shrinking of customer base and overcapacity for the packaging materials led to the decline of profit margins of the manufacturing company while at the same time can manufactures had their profit margins declining due to offering discounts in order to protect their market shares in the industry (Grant 64). The company's facilities were dilapidated therefore could not generate income for the organization. The cost of production and transportation was quite high. The key issues that the company should be focused on include; dealing in product lines that are profitable since there were many companies in

Crisis and Opportunity Essay Example for Free

Crisis and Opportunity Essay 1) Introduction Nowadays, we have created our own world of technology. Convenience and efficiency are catered through it. Yet, the earth, the natural world, seems to rebel against such artificial world, by sending signals of natural crises to us. In this project, we are going to talk about How people benefit from Water Crisis surrounding the theme Crisis and Opportunity. The water crisis is branched out as two sections, namely water shortage and water pollution. The amount of water in the world is stable; it just changes its physical forms. Nonetheless, the problem of water shortages still exists. In fact, what we lack is clean water. With rapid advancing of human activities and technology, and unfavorable natural features like uneven distribution of rivers, the water crisis is growingly affecting our lives negatively and takes them at risk. Water is polluted by increasing human activities. Industrial wastes which include heavy metals like mercury and lead, harmful to living things, are illegally dumped into water sources; Sewage is directly deposited into rivers, which normally is a source of clean water. Ultimately, global warming, was elicited by human too, depletes clean water. With changing of climates, some countries face more floods which pollute clean water while other countries face more droughts which cause massive drying out of clean water. Now, we start worrying about the crisis because water controls our lives tightly as we could not survive without it. On the other hand, people are developing more and more solutions. By approaching the problem optimistically, this ought to turn this crisis into an opportunity so that we and the world can proceed sustainably. Scientists from all around the world have come up with ideas to solve the problem piecemeal. 2) Literature Review We used secondary research in this paper as there is simply no way for us to conduct our own research on water crisis. We mainly consulted online websites and read some online books. We also read articles from credible magazines such as National Geographic There is also a website called Global Water Intelligence which is a Market-Leading website for the analysis of International water industry. From these sources, we mainly found out that water is very limited around the world and there are people dying from consuming polluted water or simply dehydration. We also found out that the water crisis brought out some new technologies that changed the water pattern of the world. Have you ever thought of turning water from your basin into drinking water? Some people may think that it is impossible, or even a disaster. However, in Singapore, scientists have developed some methods, which can change waste water into pure water. The reused water is called the â€Å"New Water†. How to purify used water? Used water is collected from residence, companies, and schools, and then it is purified by three steps. First, it undergoes microfiltration. Large particles can be filtered away in this step. Afterwards, it undergoes reverse osmosis. Differentially-permeable membranes are used in reverse osmosis. These membranes contain tiny holes, which can only allow water molecules to pass through, so contaminated substances, such as viruses, bacteria can be removed. Lastly, ultraviolet light is used as a back-up to ensure the remaining micro-organisms were completely killed. This makes â€Å"New Water†. On the other hand, some people might worry that â€Å"New Water† was unclean, and thus may affect the health of citizens. However, research conducted, as shown in figure 1 and 2, the level of organic substance and amount of bacteria in â€Å"New Water† was much lower than the local reservoir water. Indeed, this shows that the â€Å"New Water† meets the requirement of drinking water so its safety was ensured. Compare to the other sources of water, â€Å"New Water† is even cleaner. Therefore, it was awarded many global water awards among these years, and this can surely tackle the problem of water shortage without polluting. There is another way to tackle water shortage and pollution. Do you know how sailors obtain fresh water when they are on a voyage? They obtain fresh water by changing sea water into drinking water. This method is called desalination. Sea water accounts for 97% of the world’s water resource. Only the remaining 3% is consumable for humans. In some countries like Saudi Arabia, there is water shortage. They only have a small amount of consumable fresh water. However, they have a large supply of sea water. However the salinity of sea water is four times higher than our body fluids. When we drink salt water, water molecules in our cells will move out of the cell due to osmosis. This net transfer of water may cause our cells to shrink, which may lead to dehydration, and death in serious situations. So how can this modern technology help us to turn this crisis into another opportunity? Desalination refers to the removal of salt and other minerals of saline water to make it consumable. It has become increasingly popular in recent years due to enhancement in technology. There are two methods for desalination. The most common type is work by reverse osmosis, which is based on osmosis- the movement of substances from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. It is a membrane-technology filtration and removes salt and minerals by pressurizing the sea water, forcing them to move through the selective membrane. The selective membrane has pores that allow only water particle to pass through, so that salt molecules and other pollutants are trapped behind the membrane. The by-product produced in the process is salt. It creates an economic opportunity. The process in a desalination plant Thermal distillation is another way of desalination other than reverse osmosis. It is known as the multi-stage flash distillation. It distillates water by flashing a portion of water into steam in multiple stages and then condense them into portable water. Where do we find desalination plant? In Hong Kong, the Water Supplies Department has two desalination plants which use reverse osmosis. The first one is located in Ap Lei Chau and the other one located in Tuen Mun. The government is also planning to build another desalination plant in Tseung Kwan O. There are 100 countries around the world which uses this technology. Saudi Arabia accounts for 25% of the world’s desalination output, with over 2000 desalination plants around the country. A desalination plant in Saudi Arabia. Apart from the problem of water pollution and water shortage, water crisis itself can also be an opportunity, if we look at it from another perspective. It can raise global awareness and promote international cooperation. Thus it drives globalization. Water crisis is a global issue. It cannot be solved by only the cooperation of a few countries; full cooperation from countries all around the world is required. Therefore, some international cooperation was established in order to help countries joining hands to solve water crisis. One of the examples is the World Water Council. The World Water Council organizes the World Water Forum once every three years. In the forum, representatives from different countries join together and come up with some solutions to solve the water crisis. It includes signing of protocols, reducing pollutants in order to help geographic areas that are facing an immediate water shortage. This can not only help to solve the water crisis, but also create peace among countries. 3) Discussion and Analysis What are the benefits of using â€Å"New Water† instead of local reservoir water? First, it can solve the problem of water shortage. In Singapore, there is not enough water because there are only a few rivers running through this small country, but it is densely populated. Reused water is using the same amount of water many times, so we can have unlimited water source without worrying being used up. Moreover, using â€Å"New Water† can help protecting the environment. Waste water cause water pollution, which can contaminate fresh water source; by using â€Å"New Water†, water can be reused and it will not cause any further pollution. This is beneficial to the environment. Furthermore, â€Å"New Water† can boost tourism. In Singapore, the â€Å"NEw Water† visitors centre is a new attraction. It attracts tourists to visit as it provides opportunities for them to explore Science and learn more about water. Last but not least, â€Å"New Water† can help Singapore to make money, as it can sell this technology to other countries. Some countries, such as, China and Europe has already started using â€Å"New Water† instead, as it is purer than local reservoir water. In conclusion, â€Å"New Water† is alternate solution, which can change water pollution and shortage into a profitable opportunity. Now, let us move on to desalination. Some people think that although desalination may seem to be a solution to our current water crisis, it has certain potential implications that cause harm to our environment. Fossil fuels or nuclear power are used in the majority of desalination plants. The burning of fossil fuels releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the air. The increase in this disastrous greenhouse gas consequently makes global warming worse. Alternatively, but still, nuclear power is dangerous. The radiation leakage in Japan had spread concerns all over the world. Radiation is carcinogenic. People living near the nuclear power plant had to be relocated. It even made Japanese seafood un-consumable. Besides, the food chain is affected since water and soil is polluted by radiation. Furthermore, membrane-technology is expensive. The production cost of water per meter cube is HK$7.8- HK$8.4. However, the advantages of desalination outweights its costs because it can make water available to areas that have a scarce supply of fresh water. Why Saudi Arabia needs a lot of desalination plant? It is because it is located in a place where there is short supply of water. With desalination, they can change sea water into fresh water. It provides a reliable and sufficient supply of water to the growing communities, which reduces the crisis of water shortage. More people will have a steady supply of water and lives will be saved. People will no longer die from the lackage of water. The costs of human lives are much more important than the costs of desalination. The cost of desalination is only short-term and it can be solved by using renewable energy instead, such as solar energy and wind power. Also, the cost of desalination will be lowered once it is developed and widely used around the world. To sum up, desalination is another effective way to change water crisis into an opportunity. â€Å"A coin has two sides†. Water crisis does not only bring disadvantages, but it is also an opportunity for countries to join together and solve this global issue. This can improve international relationships and bring peace to countries. On the one hand, some people may argue that water crisis would not bring any peace to countries, but instead it brings conflicts and chaos. Some research show that as water crisis is getting more and more serious, water source becomes a weapon, and it may be a threat to other countries. Therefore, if one country is located at the upper course, while the other is located at the lower course, the one at the upper course can control the flow of water. However, the establishments of international organizations help to solve this problem together by promoting the saving of water supply and improvement of technology. This can create communication channels and may help to maintain peace in certain countries. For example, the 6th Water Forum held in Marseille, from 12 to 17 March 2012 was a great success. Participants from over 145 countries join this event. They discuss global water problems together. Through debates and in-depth dialogue, they were able to know more about water crisis and many stakeholders commit that they would try their best to conserve water in order to help the needy. This shows that water crisis can raise global awareness and promote international cooperation. (+ but piecemeal and suggestion) (favourable risk and insight) 4) Conclusion The water crisis does not have to be devastating. Flipside, there are advantages of it on bringing opportunities to communities, the world and to us. In face with the same problem, people unite and untangle the cluttered yarn of puzzle, mystery and problems. Because of the water crisis, people start organizing Water Forums so that opinions all around are synthesized, analyzed and become a grand solution. Working scientists, assisting each other and aiming at the target, invented ways like the New water and desalination of water. Even the darkest night will end. And the sun will rise. There is always a solution to a problem. However, we could not just rely on the technology to solve this problem but we should also help conserving water and raise the global awareness. To solve the problem entirely we must start from its roots. Take a shower instead of a bath. Don’t leave the water running when you are brushing your teeth. Switch off any dripping taps. This will also decrease your electricity bill and help to build a greener environment where water is plentiful. If we still consume water at a stage like this, we are exploiting resources from our next generations, which doesn’t make the planet sustainable. With the cooperation of everybody, we strongly believe that water crisis will definitely change into an opportunity and the world would be a better place to live in. 5) Reference and Appendices Asia’s Water Crisis†¦and Opportunity (No.2 2011) Solutions http://solutions.bv.com/asias-water-crisis-and-opportunity/ Peak Water: Crisis or Opportunity? (Tuesday, December 1, 2009) Carbon Foresight http://carbonforesight.blogspot.hk/2009/12/peak-water-crisis-or-opportunity.html â€Å"Turning China’s Water Crisis into Investment Opportunity† Market Brief Water August 2009, New Ventures http://www.new-ventures.org.cn/sites/default/files/upload/turning_chinas_water_crisis_into_investment_opportunity.pdf â€Å"Who profiting from the water crisis†, Issue 452, New Internationalist Magazine http://www.newint.org/features/2012/05/01/water-crisis-profit-opportunity/ Singapore National water agency http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/Pages/default.aspx Graphs: Fig1 and 2 http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/quality/Pages/default.aspx How Desalination works http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/how-does-desalination-work.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/desalination.htm Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination Fdu Magazine online 2003 http://www.fdu.edu/newspubs/magazine/03su/desalination.html The World water Council http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/ â€Å"Solving the World Water Crisis Takes International Cooperation†, Suite101 http://suite101.com/article/solving-the-world-water-crisis-takes-international-cooperation-a265088

A short history of Art Nouveau, Dada and Punk Art

A short history of Art Nouveau, Dada and Punk Art I originally chose Art Nouveau as my main art period for A level art because I love the deceptively simple flowing lines and the fine detail put into every individual piece of art, ranging from jewellery to Posters, and from wall-paper by William Morris to architecture some of the most popular being The Eiffel Tower in France and the staircase of the Maison Atelier of Victor Horta in Brussels or the Liberty Company department store in London. Art Nouveau is an approach to design according to which artists should work on everything from posters to jewellery and from furniture to architecture, making art part of everyday life. Art Nouveau was the most popular artistic style in graphic art at the turn of the century and peaked in popularity at the turn of the 20th century; roughly from around 1890 to 1905. It was commonly used within architecture and decorative arts. It was quite a simplistic art style and had a whip lash ripple or floral effect where a lot of the imagery looked as though the starting point had been curved in the style of a whip curves when it is about to strike something. The movement was strongly influenced by Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, when he produced a lithographed poster which appeared on the first of January 1895 in the streets of Paris as an advertisement for the play Gismonda. It was an overnight sensation and announced itself and its creator as a new artistic form to the citizens of Paris. Originally named Mucha style, it later became known as Art Nouveau which means new art in French. Art nouveau had a fifteen year peak and was most strongly felt through Europe from Glasgow, to Moscow, to Madrid but its influence was worldwide. Art nouveau was a popular form of graphic design with detailed prints and bright colours which set the atmosphere of the imagery within. It was usually used for posters which drew the viewers eyes first to the outlined figures inside and then to the text within and then you would notice the fine detail around the whole image. The art style was a new form of Japanese inspired art and had a William Morris style of repetitiveness within the detail. I love the intricate detail of Art Nouveau, but I feel that it is not my style of art I like to produce detail pieces but a stranger style would suit me more. I have decided to move away from Art Nouveau and move more into the styles of Dada with are more interesting and confuse the viewer, the style is very different to what has been previously produced and that is why I have decided to do more of a Dada approach to my project now. Dada first started in Zurich, Switzerland, at the start of World War 1.Dada was an international movement among European artists and writers from 1915 1922 marked by a spirit of anarchic revolt against the futility and destruction of War. Dada took great pleasure in ridicule and promoted the role of the unpredictable in artistic creation. For many Dadaist, as they became to be known, their participation the movement was a protest against the conformist nationalist and colonialist interests, which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity in art and more broadly in society that corresponded to the war. In addition to anti war, Dada was also anti bourgeois, nonconformists, and anarchist in nature French poet Tristan Tzara plunging a penknife into the pages of a dictionary to randomly find a name for the movement this act in itself displays the importance of chance within Dada art. A lack of respect was another key feature in one of Dadas most infamous exhibitions, organised by Max Ernst, axes were provided for visitors to smash all of the works available on show. Marcel Duchamp, George Grosz, Otto Dix, Hans Richter and Jean Arp are among the leading Dadaists. The movement had a strong influence on Pop art, which was sometimes called neo Dada. Dadaists seeming to show lack of seriousness towards things on the surface, the Dada artists were actually charged by false belief and moral outrage at the unprecedented carnage of World War I, and the ultimate aim of the movement was to shock people out of complacency. Dada generally involved visual arts, poetry, art manifestoes, theatre art, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politics through rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti art cultural works. Dadas purpose was to mock what its contenders thought to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. According to its participants, Dada was not art; it was anti art. Dada represented the opposite to everything for which art stood. I felt that Dada was quite an interesting art period due to the style of its workings and its slight mysteriousness to it. The images produced during this time were unusual at the time and were seen as weird as is seen as today. The style of Dada is quite eye catching with its strange shapes and dull colours, it makes the viewer want to try and understand the picture so in a way Dada was quite a successful form of graphic design. The Dada movement became associated with anti-aesthetic creations and protest, which were affected by disgust and despair over World War 1. By 1924, after the first World War World War I, which was lasted from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918 only a few years since the movement was founded Dada was melding into surrealism, and artists had gone on to other ideas and movements, including surrealism, social realism and other forms of modernism. Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodern art Although the Dada period was very interesting and successful graphic design art period, I decided to evolve from this period into the form of Punk art. Punk art is more interesting for me because it uses bolder colours and has a more upfront and to the point style of things. For this reason I have chosen to move into this art period for my project. Punk has always been anti-establishment, a subversive form of protest against the status quo through outrageous and confrontational music, visuals and behaviour. At its inception it was a protest from the margins about inequality, poverty, unemployment and exclusion, and a rejection of the mythologies of the hippy dippy values of rock and peace which hid those realities. Punk fashion was primarily a demonstration of nonconformity, as well as opposition to popular culture and the hippie counterculture. Punk fashion often portrays aggression, rebellion and individualism. Some punks wear clothing or have tattoos that express sociopolitical messages. Punk visual art also often includes those types of messages. Many punks wore second hand clothing, partly as an anti-consumerist statement and partly because they were hard up. They expressed their art and their thoughts in their hair styles, their jewelry and their clothes. All were designed to shock. Punk raged against the cultural and fashion of its parents. Punk didnt belong to that mainstream; already outside, it raged against the society that had marginalized it. It was the voice of the those most affected by exclusion from mainstream society, poverty, inequality and injustice. Punk ideologists were an assembly of mixed social and political beliefs within the Punk subculture. In its first standing the Punk subculture originally was troubled with ideas such as rebellion, anti-authoritarianism, individualism, free thought and discontent. Punk ideologies are usually reflected through Punk rock music, Punk literature, spoken word recordings, Punk fashion, or Punk visual arts. Some Punks have expressed their radical views through direct action, such as protests, boycotts, squatting, vandalism, or property destruction. Some of the great punk artists include Vivian Westwood, fashion designer whose clothes epitomised the era and who today still designs to shock. The Sex Pistols whose leader Johhny Rotten would scare even political leaders because of their influence on the youth of the time. Others such as The Clash

Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Essay -- Ethnography Anthropology Essa

Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Traditionally, ethnographic works had always been about objective studies of the â€Å"other.† The discipline attempts to use non-biased methods to research of our subjects to qualify anthropology into the category of science. However, an increasing number of anthropologists begin to question the existence of objectivity in fieldwork. More recently, some anthropologists advocate the incorporation of the self, or the use of reflexivity, in the research to acknowledge our biases; at the same time, enhance the quality of our ethnographies. Others further assert that reflexivity is the only way to complete ethnographies. These propositions prompted concerns and provoked intense criticisms among scholars from different areas of study. One argument maintains that while moderate use of reflexivity is necessary in ethnographic research as exemplified by Dorinne Kondo and Renato Rosaldo, it is problematic when it is taken too far as did Ruth Behar. Before use of reflexivity can be analyzed, it is important to discuss what reflexivity is. As its use is controversial, to define the term is complex task. One way to describe it is to characterize it as a piece of work involving the self and some sort of reflection. Another mean to understand the concept is to imagine a mirror; and reflexivity is a description of the images reflected in the mirror, which includes â€Å"others† as well as the â€Å"self.† Interestingly, even though we have yet to define the idea, many uses and styles of reflexivity exist. Or perhaps, the difficulty to produce a working definition stems from its wide range of uses. For example, Kamala Visweswaran uses reflexivity to evaluate the discipline in which she belongs – namely feminis... ...r, anthropology is not a coherent discipline and should be divided to accomendate these difference styles of writing ethnography. Nonetheless, all these questions and confusions points out one thing, that subjectivity is inevitable. Otherwise, we would agree on all these issues. But, it is these issues that cause trouble that make the discipline attractive, exciting, and worthwhile. Reference: [1] Behar, Ruth. 1996. Anthropology that breaks your heart. In The Vulnerable Observer: Antrhopology that Breaks Your Heart, pp. 161 –177. Boston: Beacon Press. [2] Kondo, Dorinne K. 1986. Dissolution and reconstitution of self: implications for anthropological epistemology. In cultural Anthropology 1(1): 74-88. [3] Rosaldo, Renato. 1993. Grief and a headhunter’s rage. IN Culture and Ttruth: TheRremaking of Social Analysis, pp. 161- 177. Boston: Beacon Press.

Essay --

In the course of years of stock market study, two quite distinct schools of thought have arisen, two radically different methods of arriving at the answers to the trader’s problem of what and when. In the street jargon, one of these is commonly referred to as the fundamental analysis or statistical, and the other as the technical. The term technical in its application to the stock market has come to have a special meaning. It refers to the study of the action of the market itself as opposed to the study of goods in which the market deals. Technical analysis is the science of recording, usually in graphic form, the actual history of trading (price changes, volumes, and transactions, etc) in a certain stock or in â€Å"the averages† and then deducing from that pictured history the probable future trend. According to Park and Irwin (2007) recent studies indicate that technical trading strategies consistently produce economic profits in a range of speculative markets at lea st until the early 1990s. From a total of 95 recent studies, 56 studies find positive results regarding technical trading strategies, 20 studies obtained negative results, and 19 studies indicate mixed results. In pioneering work, Smidt (1965b) studies amateur traders in US commodity futures markets and finds that more than half of the respondents use charts exclusively or moderately in order to identify trends. Charts are working tools of the technical analyst, and they have been developed in a multitude of forms and styles to represent graphically almost anything that takes place in the market as well as to plot â€Å"index† derived thereform. From a more recent study, Billingsley and Chance (1996) found that about 60% of commodity trading advisors (CTAs) rely heavily or e... ...market quotation already contains in itself all that can be known about the future and in that sense has discounted future contingencies as much as is humanly possible.† There are also negative empirical findings in numerous pioneer and widely cited studies of technical analysis in the stock market, such as Fama and Blume (1966), Jensen and Benington (1970), and Van Horne and Parker (1967, 1968). Sullivan et al (1999, 2003) and Olson (2004) are among recent studies that have shown that technical trading rules do generate positive economic profits before the 1990s, but the profits are declining markedly or are disappearing altogether as time passes and globalization occurs. Such results may be explained by temporary market inefficiencies in periods before the 1990s. According to Park and Irwin, 2007, there are two possible explanations for the temporary inefficiencies Essay -- In the course of years of stock market study, two quite distinct schools of thought have arisen, two radically different methods of arriving at the answers to the trader’s problem of what and when. In the street jargon, one of these is commonly referred to as the fundamental analysis or statistical, and the other as the technical. The term technical in its application to the stock market has come to have a special meaning. It refers to the study of the action of the market itself as opposed to the study of goods in which the market deals. Technical analysis is the science of recording, usually in graphic form, the actual history of trading (price changes, volumes, and transactions, etc) in a certain stock or in â€Å"the averages† and then deducing from that pictured history the probable future trend. According to Park and Irwin (2007) recent studies indicate that technical trading strategies consistently produce economic profits in a range of speculative markets at lea st until the early 1990s. From a total of 95 recent studies, 56 studies find positive results regarding technical trading strategies, 20 studies obtained negative results, and 19 studies indicate mixed results. In pioneering work, Smidt (1965b) studies amateur traders in US commodity futures markets and finds that more than half of the respondents use charts exclusively or moderately in order to identify trends. Charts are working tools of the technical analyst, and they have been developed in a multitude of forms and styles to represent graphically almost anything that takes place in the market as well as to plot â€Å"index† derived thereform. From a more recent study, Billingsley and Chance (1996) found that about 60% of commodity trading advisors (CTAs) rely heavily or e... ...market quotation already contains in itself all that can be known about the future and in that sense has discounted future contingencies as much as is humanly possible.† There are also negative empirical findings in numerous pioneer and widely cited studies of technical analysis in the stock market, such as Fama and Blume (1966), Jensen and Benington (1970), and Van Horne and Parker (1967, 1968). Sullivan et al (1999, 2003) and Olson (2004) are among recent studies that have shown that technical trading rules do generate positive economic profits before the 1990s, but the profits are declining markedly or are disappearing altogether as time passes and globalization occurs. Such results may be explained by temporary market inefficiencies in periods before the 1990s. According to Park and Irwin, 2007, there are two possible explanations for the temporary inefficiencies

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AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL MARKS: 80 Information Technology N. B. : 1)Attempt any sixteen questions questions carries equal marks. 1. 2. 3. What are the characteristics of a technologically enabled organization? How does an Organization acquire & disseminal knowledge? Why do you suppose inquiry – only applications were developed instead of fully on lines system? 4. 5. What kind of technology is least flexible? Most flexible? How does strategic planning differ between a firm that offers services & one that manufacturers a product?Is there a difference in the impact of technology on strategy in any two types of firms? 6. What kind of business activities do you think are most amenable to common systems in different countries? 7. What kind of programs do you think are likely to make the most use of floating – point instructions? 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Distinguish between computer hardware & software which most concerns a manager? What kind of softwar e does a server for a local area network need to have? What is OLAP? How does it contribute to the organization? Similar article: Text Mining for BusinessesWhy are standards so important in communications? What industries are most likely able to take advantage EDI? Are there applications where it does not matter if multiple databases are simultaneously updated? 14. Most organizations today have computers and software, all of which are supposed to work on a network, from different Vendors? What are the potential problems with using products from many different sources? .. 2.. 15. What are the differences in design for multi-user system versus a personal system on a pc? )All 16. Does a system have to use the most modern technology to be successful? Why or why not? Are there disadvantages to utilizing the most up-to-date technology? 17. 18. 19. Why should one insist on a demonstration of a package? What is a spaghetti organization? How can you transform a huge firm like General Motors with the help of information technology? 20. How more user development eventually eliminates the need for professi onal systems analysis and programmers? 21. 22. 3. 24. How can a company use multimedia today? How does one go about identifying the expert to be used in developing an expert system? Describe how a virus actually works? What kind of files does it want to infect? What kind of changes does information technology either create or facilitate within and between organizations? What other changes are associate with IT? 25. What are the drawbacks of work place monitoring? Why management might wants to monitor worker productivity?

The first Olympic Games

The year is 776BC, and in Athens the first Olympic Games are about to start, the festivities have begun with a feast and sacrifices for the gods. The Olympic Spirit was a key part of their society. It was the one-time cultures from all of Greece could come together and celebrate, compete and enjoy. In the past few weeks we have been discussing the pros and cons of different issues and today it's the tur of Olympics. Approximately 2000 years later, what has changed, not much? But this Olympic spirit is ingrained within the Games, the international community spirit along with the best athletes coming together and competing in one of the most prestigious sporting competition in the world. I'd like to give you three reasons to explain why and Why the games will benefit Britain Firstly because of urban regeneration; this has been put at the heart of the London bid, and is a massive benefit to hosting the Olympic Games; there is the opportunity to redevelop areas that are dilapidated and have physical disorders. Although many locations in and around London will be used for Olympic Games the core location for most of the events will be the 500-acre Olympic Park in the Lower Lea Valley in East London, Which stretches over 5 boroughs: namely Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Camden, Greenwich and Stratford. 3 years ago Lower Lea Valley, was literally a dump site, with muggings at an all time high, knife crimes were going up and up. And you know why? Because no one cared about the place, it was considered to be a dirty, dangerous and dilapidated. And know gentlemen, due to the Olympic Committee's regeneration programme, the streets are clean, the alleys are well light The most important venue of the 2012 has been described as an architect's dream. Planned and already in building the 500 acre park promises an excellent site for sporting activities, with over 9 competition events, and is claimed to be the biggest sports site in Europe for nearly 150 years. Outside of the new Olympic Park, which will principally host indoor sports and track and athletic events, all of England will join in as hosts. However it is not just London that is going to benefit. Throughout the countries there will be facilities available. Already the Olympic Committee, has set up brilliant badminton centers in Birmingham, superb swimming pools in Swansea and even mountain biking in Manchester! However to gain the most from the Olympics we need to maximize the legacy effect. Currently the plan is to sell the Olympic stadium to West Ham Football Club, so that they can keep the sporting spirit alive. The legacy effect is in essence the only thing that will keep allow us to maintain the investment of hosting the Olympic Games. Britain, has the highest number of sports fans in the world, we have a pride in our sport, when we hear our national anthem at any event our hearts swell with pride. Recently in the last Commonwealth Games over a thousand British supporters flew out to India to support Team GB. We are proud to be British, Londoner, but the 2012 Olympics is not just about London. It's about team GB, it's about national pride, it's about an amazing, historical event taking place on our doorstep, it's about getting excited and involved, and it's about making sure that we maximise the legacy and the investment. As Lord Coe said â€Å"The Games will inspire the nation and give us the ability to showcase all that is great about Britain.†

Bruce Dawe Essay

Bruce Dawe, an Australian known poet, born 1930 is still one of the biggest selling and most highly regarded poets of Australia. His ability to write such influential poems has made an impact on a number of people, as each poem can be related to the ordinary living lives of Australians throughout the years. Bruce Dawe’s poems are interesting because they comment on the lives of ordinary people. This statement is agreed on. In relation to the statement, three key poems can be linked being Enter Without So Much as Knocking (1959), Homo Suburbiensis (1964) and Drifters (1968). In the first poem mentioned: Enter Without So Much as Knocking, Dawe shows the living of a child in the Baby Boomers period, and the era after World War 2 (1950’s to early 60’s). The government had just released an election promise for any mother who beared a child to receive a ‘money’ bonus in return for adding to Australia’s population. With around 3 babies per family on average during this time period, Dawe represents children born in that time period as if being born manufacturing, hence Bruce Dawe’s poems are interesting because they comment on the lives of ordinary people. The Poem Enter Without So Much as Knocking uses many poetic and literary techniques. These include imagery, similes, themes of sexism and stereotypes and rhetorical question. Dawe utilises the whole poem as imagery for the boy’s life. Dawe’s creative sense made it so the audience who would read this poem would see that his life was a game show even in death. This example can be found when Dawe explores death in his sixth stanza. †gave him back for keeps/ the old automatic smile with nothing behind it, winding the whole show up with a/ nice ride out to the underground metropolis:/ permanent residentials, no parking tickets, no taximeters/ ticking, no Bobby Dazzlers here, no down payments,/ nobody grieving over halitosis/ flat feet shrinking gums falling hair. ‘ In this example, Dawe’s use of imagery immediately conveys to his audience the type of life this man led. He also used black humour, using death as an escape from the life he led and still gaining ‘’prizes’’. The next technique used is Simile. Throughout the poem, Dawe represents the child as nothing more than just another person. No significance. No crucial part to his existence. Yet, in the fourth stanza, Dawe finally shows some notion of a positive emotion. The first ever look at happiness and only view throughout the poem. In the stanza, the boy describes his liking for watching movies under a star lit sky, stating: ‘’†¦ a pure unadulterated fringe of sky, littered with stars/ no one had got around to fixing up yet; he’d watch them/ circling about in luminous groups like kids at the circus†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The effect of using this technique emphasises the fact of something so pure, an actual happy emotion existing in this world, that seems to be so practical and sought out. To the audience it would show that Dawe is trying to create a hope that just maybe the boy will escape this game show fate and live to have the freedom he wishes. The comment of his life also illustrates Dawe’s interesting view on life and ordinary people, as he represents the feeling of being barred from freedom. It also shows how society cannot corrupt the stars as they are too far away. Themes are also used throughout the poem. In the 1950’s to early 60’s women were still trying to attain for themselves. After the Second World War and during the baby boomers period, in stanza two of the poem Dawe comments on this type of living stating: ‘’ his included/ one economy-sized Mum, one Anthony Squires Dad, along with two other kids straight off the Junior Department rack. ’ This technique clearly represents the stereotypical, sexist views of the time period. Women were still seen as just ‘’house-wife’’ material, men were expected to make a living for their family and the average for the number of children per household was three. Anthony Squires as stated was a known Australian Brand Men’s suite. Dawe shows the audience in this quote the type of families seen during the 1950’s, as if manufactured or mass produced. Like a template. Every family had to have one of these. Families during this time did not bond or grow up together, but had been brought and constructed. Another example of sexism can be found in stanza five, as Dawe says, ‘’ and then it was goodbye stars and the soft/ cry in the corner when no one was looking†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows the audience that in this society, during this time period, men were also stereotyped as they were not allowed to cry. They DO NOT cry. The final technique used in Enter Without So Much as Knocking is rhetorical question. Though only used once, it brings the whole poem together, causing Dawe’s audience to have a sudden epiphany. During stanza five, the child is undergoing what seems to be another part of his life. Here we see his growing up, saying goodbye to corruption as the audience reads his corruption as he gives up fighting. The final lines hit the audience with a sense of realisation being: ‘’I mean it’s a real battle all the way/ and a man can’t help but feel a little soiled, himself,/ at times, you know what I mean? ’’ This conveys to the audience what an awful, corruptive world the world has become, and in return man himself has become soiled. Man has been blinded by his own corruption and formed his own stereotypes, and there is no way to return back to the way things were. This is a vital view point and comment on the lives of people during this time period, as Dawe gives a descriptive insight on the matter. Moving onto the second poem: Homo Suburbiensis, another poem that signifies Dawes interest of people and their lives. Written in 1964, in the midst of the ending of the baby boomers period and a time of peace as women start finally getting their rights heard and the Australian government take a new leadership, this poem written by Dawe is a representation of an old man’s mind. The world he lives in is chaotic when wild, yet when in peace is of surpassing beauty like a well-kept garden. The man’s thoughts are shown by the garden. Homo Suburbiensis is also referred to as the modern day Garden of Eden. Another side note worth mentioning is the fact that the title is a parody of scientific classification, as if stating that the garden is also an experiment on the observations of men overtime. Techniques used in this poem include alliteration, symbolism and onomatopoeia. The first two techniques explored are alliteration and symbolism. The way Dawe has written this poem is vital to his audience, as the lines represent the continuation of life, crucially emphasising this point entirely. The alliteration is then used in the third/fourth stanza stating: ‘’He stands there, lost in a green/ confusion, smelling the smoke of somebody’s rubbish. ’’ The alliteration technique shows the continuous, ominous feeling. Almost repetitive, as Dawe gets his audience to relate to the sense of repetition. Also, back in this time period, rubbish was only collected once a week. Households would set their wastes alight and pour in the ashes weekly. This gives Dawes audience a good insight into the 1960’s and their views on pollution and rubbish. The symbolism technique, however, links back to the previous comment of the poem being a modern appropriation of the Garden of Eden as the continuous ‘s’ words would symbolise a snake. Dawe creates a sense of an animal that threatens the peace unless harmed to his audience. An underlying danger ,which, at any given moment could strike and end all peace in a single bite. It also emphasises the fact that Dawe is trying to relate modern man to this threat compared to the original Garden of Eden to show his audience just how easily it is to upset a balance of peace unless treaded on lightly. The final technique used is Onomatopoeia. During this stanza, Dawe has the old man retell what his senses pick up, letting the audience be introduced to both hearing and sight. This being: ‘’†¦a kid/ a far whisper of traffic, and offering up instead. ’’ This technique is used to emphasise Dawes involvement of human senses as well as depicting the old man and his interest in the world – also linking back to the earlier statement of having ‘’Homo Suburbiensis’’ as a possible scientific view on man. These sounds are the only thing that can be heard in his garden, and like the snake, intrude and make Dawes audience realize that they are still being compared to the Garden of Eden to their modern world. The old man, also, can be seen to be lost in thought as he only ‘’vaguely’’ hears some sounds. This techniques use in return also shows Dawes interest in modern life compared to the genesis of the bible and his link to his faith and the Garden of Eden. It shows his audience, again, the problem of corruption and what it has done to man. The third and final poem is 1968’s Drifters. Written describing Dawes own childhood, the poem represents yet another key concept in the viewing of ordinary lives in this time period. Drifters is about a family (representing Dawes own family) who moved from place to place, as the father needs to move by season due to the demand from his job. Though it is seen to be written in a casual manner, if read carefully, Dawes audience would see the seriousness behind it. Techniques used throughout the poem include juxtaposition and dialogue. The first technique used is juxtaposition. Family members often have to compromise or sacrifice what they want in order to belong to their family. Some members, however, wish to establish a permanent sense of place and others don’t. The use of juxtaposition is then shown to the audience as the differing perceptions of moving are based on how long they stayed in one place. The oldest girl is on the verge of tears and the youngest is ‘beaming’. Another example of this is found in the mother’s acceptance of her families ‘drifter’ lifestyle through by stating: ‘’bottling-set/ she never unpacked from Grovedale. ’ Again Dawe and his view point, even when personal, is both interesting and true to the time period when written as it gives his audience an understanding of both the emotion and sacrifice caught in the constant knowing of impermanence. The second and final technique used is dialogue. Repetitive dialogue was used constantly throughout the poem. A lack of permanent place, as mentioned before, is just a continuous spontaneous lifestyle. A feeling that anything could happen. An example of this can be found when she simply says: ‘’Make a wish Tom, make a wish. ’ The kind of lifestyle led and the emotions that come with it like excitement, when announcing that yet again they will be moving on is shown through the unusual endings of particular lines, for example ‘’tripping/ everyone up. ’’ And ‘’she was/ happy here. ’’ The position of line placement represents their emotions as well as the continuity of their lives and the way they live yet again. Dawe and his visual on life tells his audience of his own memories and the hardship he may have faced due to his family being so spontaneous, as well as any other child who went through the same thing as h e during this time frame. In conclusion, all three poems used being Enter Without So Much as Knocking (1959), Homo Suburbiensis (1964) and Drifters (1968) show that Bruce Dawe’s poem are indeed interesting because they comment on the lives of ordinary people. This is shown throughout each of the three poems using various language techniques and personal insight, making his audience see that Dawe truly was and still is a unique Australian writer.

Quality Metal Service Essay

An overview of cost, profit, revenue, and investment centers Cost classification in accounting also involves the allocation of costs, revenues and responsibilities to various centres or departments. These centres include: == Cost centres == Revenue centres == Profit centres == Investment centres Cost Centres A cost centre (CC) is a unit, location or department where cost data is collected. The purpose of the cost centre is to collect, analyze and ascertain costs in its immediate context. Cost centres usually have cost units—units or equipment for which costs are determinable or attributable. Overheads and direct costs constitute the cost structure of a CC. Since many activities in an organisation involve costs, a cost centre is a fundamental aspect, especially as profit and investment centres can be cost centres. According to the ACCA Study Text (Management accounting, c 1999), cost centres can manifest themselves as a project, a machine, department or overhead costs. One should note that a specific cost centre might not necessarily have other functions. CCs are not limited to production and manufacturing, since they can also be attributed to service centres, like commercial bank branches for example. Revenue Centres These centres deal exclusively with revenue. Even though costs may arise from these areas, the revenue centre is not accountable for costs. Its purpose is primarily to maximise sales and revenue. Profit centre The profit centre addresses both costs and revenue. Therefore, the manager responsible for a profit centre is accountable for the purchases and sales for that unit, department or branch. Since both revenue and costs fall under the purview of the profit centre, it is both a cost and revenue centre, although a revenue centre is not a profit centre and a cost centre might not necessarily be a profit centre. Investment centres Investment centres are profit centres that are accountable for cost, revenues and net assets for capital investment. This unit is assessed by return on investment and is a cost centre. Managers in an investment centre are responsible for purchasing capital or non-current assets and making investment decisions with capital. Investment centres Investment centres are profit centres that are accountable for cost, revenues and net assets for capital investment. This unit is assessed by return on investment and is a cost centre. Managers in an investment centre are responsible for purchasing capital or non-current assets and making investment decisions with capital. Responsibility centres are the umbrella term for cost, profit, revenue and investment centres, since their performance is under the direct control of a manager. The cost centre concept is present in profit and investment centres. The profit centre can be stand alone or, with additional responsibilities, an investment centre. Revenue centres operate in a similar manner to cost and profit centres, but their managers are primarily responsible for maximizing revenues and sales. An accountant needs to know the different types of centres to understand the information needs and requirements of the managers of the various units. Responsibility Centres A responsibility centre is an organizational subsystem charged with a well-defined mission and headed by a manager accountable for the performance of the centre. â€Å"Responsibility centres constitute the primary building blocks for management control.† It is also the fundamental unit of analysis of a budget control system. Aresponsibility centre is an organization unit headed by a responsible manager. There are four major types of responsibility centres: cost centres,revenues centres, profit centres and investment centres. Cost Centre A cost centre is a responsibility centre in which manager is held responsible for controlling cost inputs. There are two general types of cost centres: engineered expense centres and discretionary expense centres. Engineered costs are usually expressed as standard costs. A discretionary expense centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is based on achieving its goals by operating within predetermined expense constraints set through managerial judgement or discretion. Revenue Centre A revenue centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is measured primarily by its ability to generate a specified level of revenue. Profit Centre In a profit centre, the budget measures the difference between revenues and costs. Investment Centre An investment centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is based on return on investment. The uses of responsibility centres depend to a great extent on the type of organization structure involved. Engineered cost centres, discretionary expense centre, and revenue centres are more often used with functional organization designs and with the function units in a matrix design. In contrast, with a divisional organization designs, it is possible use profit centres because the large divisions in such a structure usually have control over both the expenses and the revenues associated with profits.

Japanese Writing for Beginners

Japanese Writing for Beginners Writing might be one of the most difficult, but also fun, parts of learning Japanese. The Japanese dont use an alphabet. Instead, there are three types of scripts in Japanese: kanji, hiragana and katakana. The combination of all three is used for writing. Kanji Roughly speaking, kanji represents blocks of meaning (nouns, stems of adjectives and verbs). Kanji was brought over from China around 500 C.E. and thus are based on the style of written Chinese characters at that time. The pronunciation of kanji became a mixture of Japanese readings and Chinese readings. Some words are pronounced like the original Chinese reading. For those more familiar with Japanese, you might realize that kanji characters do not sound like their modern-day Chinese counterparts. This is because kanji pronunciation is not based on modern-day Chinese language, but the ancient Chinese spoken around 500 C.E.   In terms of pronouncing kanji, ththere are two different methods:  on-reading  and  kun-reading. On-reading (On-yomi) is the Chinese reading of a kanji character. It is based on the sound of the kanji character as pronounced by the Chinese at the time the character was introduced, and also from the  area  it was imported. Kun-reading (Kun-yomi) is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of the word. For a clearer distinction and an explanation of how to decide between on-reading and  kun-reading,  read what  is  On-reading and Kun-reading? Learning kanji can be intimidating as there are thousands of unique characters. Start building your vocabulary by learning the top 100 most common kanji characters used in Japanese newspapers. Being able to recognize frequently used characters in newspapers is a good introduction to practical words used every day.   Hiragana The other two scripts, hiragana and katakana, are both kana systems in Japanese. Kana system is a syllabic phonetic system similar to the alphabet. For both scripts, each character typically corresponds with one syllable. This is unlike kanji script, in which one character can be pronounced with more than one syllable.   Hiragana characters are used to express the grammatical relationship between words. Thus, hiragana is used as sentence  particles  and to inflect adjectives and verbs. Hiragana is also used to convey native Japanese words that do not have a kanji counterpart, or it is used as a simplified version of a complex kanji character. In order to emphasize style and tone in literature, hiragana can take the place of kanji in order to convey a more casual tone. Additionally, hiragana is used as a pronunciation guide to kanji characters. This reading aid system is called furigana. There are 46 characters in hiragana syllabary, consisting of 5 singular vowels, 40 consonant-vowel unions and 1 singular consonant. The curvy script of hiragana comes from the cursive style of Chinese calligraphy popular at the time when hiragana was first introduced to Japan. At first, hiragana was looked down upon by educated elites in Japan who continued to used only kanji. Consequently, hiragana first became popular in Japan among women as women were not granted the high levels of education available to men. Because of this history, hiragana is also referred to as onnade, or womens writing.   For tips on how to properly write hiragana, follow these stroke-by-stroke guides.   Katakana Like hiragana, katakana is a form of Japanese syllabary. Developed in 800 C.E. during the Heian period, katakana consists of 48 characters including 5 nucleus vowels, 42 core  syllabograms  and 1 coda consonant. Katakana is used transliterate foreign names, the names of foreign places and loan words of foreign origin. While kanji are borrowed words from ancient Chinese, katakana is used to transliterate modern-day Chinese words. This Japanese script is also used for onomatopoeia, the technical scientific name of animals and plants. Like italics or boldface in Western languages, katakana is used to create emphasis in a sentence.   In literature, katakana script can replace kanji or hiragana in order to emphasize a characters accent. For instance, if a foreigner or, like in manga, a robot is speaking in Japanese, their speech is often written in katakana. Now that you know what katakana is used for, you can learn how to write katakana script with these numbered stroke guides. General Tips If you want to learn Japanese writing, start with hiragana and katakana. Once you are comfortable with those two scripts, then you can begin to learn kanji. Hiragana and katakana are simpler than  kanji,  and have only 46 characters each. It is possible to write an entire Japanese sentence in hiragana. Many childrens books are written in hiragana only, and Japanese children start to read and write in hiragana before making an attempt to learn some of the two thousand kanji commonly used. Like most Asian languages, Japanese can be written vertically or horizontally. Read more about when one should write vertically versus horizontally.

locke and freud essays

locke and freud essays Many different people have their own beliefs of the understanding of human nature. After reading Dr. Sigmund Freuds letter to Professor Einstein, Why War?, the interpretation of the aspects that make us human become relevant. Freud distinguishes the relation between Right and Might, and he uses the word violence instead of might. Right and violence have developed out of one another. Conflicts beaten man are usually solved with violence, and it was the more dominant or superior man which always came out on top of the existing conflict. This is true for a matter of fact. For example, in a sword fight, the man with the bigger weapon and the better skill to use it would obviously win the fight. The man who won the fight was superior. Not only weapons, but intellect became a equivalent as well. The better mind won the war. The absolute feeling of this domination was complete when the victor used his strength to terminate his opponent, in other words, kill them. So then it was that domination by whoever had the greater brute or violence, might, was supported by The way to end this war caused by violence would be by union. Superior strength of an individual could be overruled by several individuals. Freud then said that Thus we see that right is the might of a community. That is true, but now the violence no longer rests in the hands of the individual, but in the hands of the entire community. This community or union, must be stable and sure about pacifying the might of the nation. If one individual tried to defeat another to create this unity to dissolve the might, and after his defeat, then another would come along to prove his strength and superiority, and then again nothing would be accomplished. Freud says that the community must be permanently maintained and organized and everyo ...

Free Essays on Giacometti

Giacometti was a perfectionist. He tormented himself with his attention to detail and his desire to make every piece be as realistic and life like as he possibly could. As a result of Giacometti’s determination, out of all of the paintings he has done, he never considered one a finished piece of work. He shows his struggle in all of his paintings by isolating a certain area, that one area he would work on for as long as it took him for him to determine it be perfect. Sometimes he would destroy a painting he was working on for months, to begin over again and let his struggle last for the rest of his life. By doing that it shows his true determination and passion for painting and capturing his pieces to be as true to life as possible. Giacometti’s main concern in the still life â€Å"Apple on a Sideboard†(1937) was seemingly to depict an apple and its surroundings. To get this effect he used highlights to enhance the apple’s isolation and to draw the spectator into that isolation. The isolation of the apple metaphorically reflects how Giacometti always seems to concentrate obsessively on just one aspect of his paintings. One can see in the apple his repeated but failed attempts to reproduce the real, efforts that are usually reserved for drawing the heads of his subjects in his portraiture. The figures in Giacometti’s portraits always seem to be on the verge of dissolving into areas around them, their edges and contour eroded by the artist’s destructive brush strokes. Take for instance his portraits of his wife Annette. By observing the way that Giacometti used crosshatched lines that surround and consume most of the body. The vast amounts of lost space around her head, which makes the observer’s eye travel right to her head and face. The strokes that animate and gestural painting that create the distinctions between Annette and the space she inhabits all are evidence to show Giacometti’s determination to portray ... Free Essays on Giacometti Free Essays on Giacometti Giacometti was a perfectionist. He tormented himself with his attention to detail and his desire to make every piece be as realistic and life like as he possibly could. As a result of Giacometti’s determination, out of all of the paintings he has done, he never considered one a finished piece of work. He shows his struggle in all of his paintings by isolating a certain area, that one area he would work on for as long as it took him for him to determine it be perfect. Sometimes he would destroy a painting he was working on for months, to begin over again and let his struggle last for the rest of his life. By doing that it shows his true determination and passion for painting and capturing his pieces to be as true to life as possible. Giacometti’s main concern in the still life â€Å"Apple on a Sideboard†(1937) was seemingly to depict an apple and its surroundings. To get this effect he used highlights to enhance the apple’s isolation and to draw the spectator into that isolation. The isolation of the apple metaphorically reflects how Giacometti always seems to concentrate obsessively on just one aspect of his paintings. One can see in the apple his repeated but failed attempts to reproduce the real, efforts that are usually reserved for drawing the heads of his subjects in his portraiture. The figures in Giacometti’s portraits always seem to be on the verge of dissolving into areas around them, their edges and contour eroded by the artist’s destructive brush strokes. Take for instance his portraits of his wife Annette. By observing the way that Giacometti used crosshatched lines that surround and consume most of the body. The vast amounts of lost space around her head, which makes the observer’s eye travel right to her head and face. The strokes that animate and gestural painting that create the distinctions between Annette and the space she inhabits all are evidence to show Giacometti’s determination to portray ...

Presidents Elected Without Winning the Popular Vote

Presidents Elected Without Winning the Popular Vote Five U.S. presidents have taken office without winning the popular vote. In other words, they did not receive a plurality regarding the popular vote. They were elected, instead, by the Electoral College- or in the case of John Quincy Adams, by the House of Representatives after a tie in the electoral votes. They were: Donald J. Trump, who lost by 2.9 million votes to Hillary Clinton in the  2016 election.George W. Bush,  who lost by 543,816 votes to Al Gore in the  2000 election.Benjamin Harrison,  who lost by 95,713 votes to  Grover Cleveland  in 1888.Rutherford B. Hayes, who lost by 264,292 votes to Samuel J. Tilden in 1876.John Quincy Adams,  who lost by 44,804 votes to  Andrew Jackson  in 1824. Popular vs. Electoral Votes Presidential elections in the United States are not popular vote contests. The writers of the Constitution configured the process so that only the members of the House of Representatives would be elected by popular vote. The Senators were to be selected by state legislatures, and the president would be selected by the Electoral College. The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, making the election of senators to occur through popular vote. However, presidential elections still operate under the electoral system. The Electoral College is made up of representatives who are generally selected by the political parties at their state conventions. Most states except Nebraska and Maine follow a winner-take-all principle of electoral votes, meaning that whichever partys candidate wins a states popular vote for the presidency will win all of that states electoral votes. The minimum electoral votes a state can have is three, the sum of a states senators plus representatives: California has the most, with 55. The Twenty-Third Amendment gave the District of Columbia three electoral votes; it has neither senators nor representatives in Congress. Since states vary in population and many popular votes for different candidates can be quite close within an individual state, it makes sense that a candidate might win the popular vote across the entire United States but not win in the Electoral College. As a specific example, lets say the Electoral College is only made up of two states: Texas and Florida. Texas with its 38 votes goes entirely to a Republican candidate but the popular vote was very close, and the Democratic candidate was behind by a very small margin of only 10,000 votes. In the same year, Florida with its 29 votes goes entirely to the Democratic candidate, yet the margin for the Democratic win was much larger with the popular vote win by over 1 million votes This could result in a Republican win at the Electoral College even though when the votes between the two states are counted together, the Democrats won the popular vote. Calls for Reform In general, it is very rare for a president to win the popular vote yet lose the election. Although this has only happened five times in U.S. History, it has occurred twice in the current century. In 2016, Donald Trump lost the popular election by nearly 3 million votes, about 2% of the total votes cast. Discussion for reform of the Electoral College dates to the first years of the Constitution and has frequently been the topic of scholarly discussion. Defenders of the Electoral College argue that its violations of majority rule are an example of constitutional provisions that require super-majorities to take action. The Electoral College allows a minority to take an action- that is to select a president- and it is the only device of its kind in the Constitution. The primary way to change it is to amend the Constitution. Since the way states count votes can affect who wins and who loses, electoral reform is by its nature political: if a party is in power, the method used to get it there is not likely to be a target of change. Despite the current climate in that Democrats support change while Republicans do not, scholars believe that the situation is only temporarily one that swings towards one party or another: One proposal called the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) is a sub-national reform to the Electoral College in which states agree to commit their electoral votes, as a unit, to the winner of the aggregate, national vote.  Sixteen states have signed on to date, some of which are Republican-controlled. One major purpose of the Electoral College was to balance the power of the electorate so that votes in states with small populations would not (always) be overpowered by larger-populated states. Bipartisan action is required to make its reformation possible. Sources and Further Reading Bugh, Gary, ed. Electoral College Reform: Challenges and Possibilities. London: Routledge, 2010.Burin, Eric, ed. Picking the President: Understanding the Electoral College. University of North Dakota Digital Press, 2018.Colomer, Josep M. The Strategy and History of Electoral System Choice. The Handbook of Electoral System Choice. Ed. Colomer, Josep M. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. 3-78.Goldstein, Joshua H., and David A. Walker. The 2016 Presidential Election Popular-Electoral Vote Difference. Journal of Applied Business and Economics 19.9 (2017).Shaw, Daron R. The Methods Behind the Madness: Presidential Electoral College Strategies, 1988–1996. The Journal of Politics 61.4 (1999): 893-913.Virgin, Sheahan G. Competing Loyalties in Electoral Reform: An Analysis of the U.S. Electoral College. Electoral Studies 49 (2017): 38–48.

Top 6 Situations Where You Shouldnt Wear Your Halloween Costume

Top 6 Situations Where You Shouldnt Wear Your Halloween Costume Sure, it’s always fun to wear a Halloween costume to work. But†¦ it’s not always appropriate.   There’s a very thin line between a zany  costume that shows off your personality and one  that makes everyone else feel uncomfortable. This video from FastCompany  gives you  the top 6 situations where you probably should leave the  costume at home. 1. When firing someoneâ€Å"This is the hardest part of my job. Because of recent budget cut, we’re going to have to let you go†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  2. During  a work lunchâ€Å"I didn’t eat breakfast, I just had a protein shake†¦I have to figure out how to eat better†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3. When laying down the lawâ€Å"Do you know how stupid we look right now? Come on, people, grow up!†4. While supporting a big meetingâ€Å"With a meeting as big as this one, we’ll make sure to send the minutes right after. Seth is going to do that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 5. When no one gets itâ€Å"I am Ch arlie Chaplin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  6. While giving a client tourâ€Å"Here’s our technology group. They’re hard at work right now on their innovation†¦let me introduce you to our CTO.†

Overview of Crime Mapping and Analysis

Overview of Crime Mapping and Analysis Geography is a field that is ever-changing and ever-growing. One of its newer sub-disciplines is crime mapping, which uses geographic technologies in order to aid in crime analysis. In an interview with Steven R. Hick, a leading geographer in the field of crime mapping, he gave a thorough overview of the state of the field and what’s to come. What Is Crime Mapping? Crime mapping identifies not only where the actual crime took place, but also looks at where the perpetrator â€Å"lives, works, and plays† as well as where the victim â€Å"lives, works, and plays.† Crime analysis has identified that the majority of criminals tend to commit crimes within their comfort zones, and crime mapping is what allows police and investigators to see where that comfort zone might be. Predictive Policing Through Crime Mapping The use of predictive policing is a much more cost-effective approach to policing than past policies. This is because predictive policing not only looks at where a crime is likely to occur but also when the crime is likely to occur. These patterns can help police identify what time of day it is necessary to flood an area with officers, rather than flooding the area twenty-four hours a day. Types of Crime Analysis Tactical Crime Analysis: This type of crime analysis looks at the short-term in order to stop what is currently taking place, for example, a crime spree. It is used to identify one perpetrator with many targets or one target with many perpetrators and provide an immediate response. Strategic Crime Analysis: This type of crime analysis looks at the long-term and on-going issues. Its focus is often on identifying areas with high crime rates and problem-solving ways to decrease the overall crime rates. Administrative Crime Analysis This type of crime analysis looks at the administration and deployment of police and resources and asks the question, â€Å"Are there enough police officers at the right time and place?† and then works to make the answer, â€Å"Yes.† Crime Data Sources Crime Mapping Software ArcGIS MapInfo Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design CPTED Careers in Crime Mapping There are classes available in crime mapping; Hick is one professional who has been teaching these classes for several years. There are also conferences available for both professionals and beginners in the field. Additional Resources on Crime Mapping International Association of Crime Analysts The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is a research agency of the United States Department of Justice that works to develop innovative solutions to crime.

Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article Example Analysis Different people have different preferences when they choose a hotel to spend a night or eat a meal. Some of these qualities are influenced by price, location, service and suitability. Moreover, apart from choice of hotel, people travel to different destinations based on different reasons. As a result, the hotel industry has been affected greatly by different factors such as tourism or events like sports. We will look at business travel and sports tourism as analysed by two different academic journals. Business Travel: Business travellers are one the largest segments of people who drive the hotel industry. Most of these travellers prefer stating at mid-level hotels and some select prefer luxury hotels for their superior service. As a result, hotels located in the mid-level segment are known to offer services to customer based on certain qualities. Some to the qualities include fair prices, rewards scheme and good service (Swarbrooke,  2012). During the recent economic down turn that affected a lot of industries and sectors, the hotel industry was also greatly affected (Bowen, 2009, pp. 32-37). As a result, many hotel chains such as the Marriot International hotels strategically made it possible for their mid level hotels to position themselves in attracting business travellers. Mid-level hotels have segmented their business in such a way that it allows for people to enjoy long stay at the hotel with different services being offered (Kandampully, 2007, pp. 63). As a result, a lot of people enjoy amenities such as fast internet, conference rooms and breakfast offerings that would endear business travellers to such hotels (Knutson, 2009, pp. 38). Hotels like the Cairo Marriot hotel and the Marriot Mumbai International Airport hotels are examples of hotels which are built purposely for catering to the needs of business travellers. The Marriot hotel chain is an example of a hotel chain that has perfected the art of attracting business travellers. The hotel chain has done this through offering a loyalty program that targets constant and loyal customers. The loyalty program allows loyal customers to earn points which give them an opportunity of getting discounts and hotel packages unlike other customers (Davidson,  2008). Sports Tourism: this is the newest phenomena in the world of travel and in the hotel industry due to the number of people who travel. As a result, there are a lot of people who travel to different sporting events with the hope and aim of attending to these events. Events such as the World Cup, Summer Games, UEFA Champions League and other sporting events attract a lot of fans and sportsmen or women who visit these events create a new kind of tourism that boosts the hotel industry (Knutson, 2009, pp. 36). As a result, a lot of hotels offer services such as quality service such as good food and ambience that allows a fan or sports person to make use of hotel amenities in the event of attending the sporting event (Prit chard, 2003, pp 64-65). Some hotels offer services such as guided tours to stadiums, good gyms and training facilities for sport travellers. Some hotels also offer secrecy and exclusivity that is needed by sport people who need a lot exclusion to train and concentrate on their games. Another offering that is used by hotels is location in terms of closeness to sports venues and

Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Discussion - Coursework Example For the cost minimization situation of the firm is to choose a combination of input resources suitable for the desired output production that has the least cost. A production c minimizing input equation is a point on the isoquant for the given production function that is on the lowest point of the isocost line. The cost is minimal when the input combination is optimal. In the case of McDonalds, the choice of taking up automation is related to the increase in wages. An increase in wages results to an increase in the cost of production. For McDonalds to have the minimal input combination it is advisable to adopt automation, which will reduce the input cost, since the automation will be more accurate in taking orders and there is no fatigue so the service is executed evenly throughout the day. In addition, costs attributed to labor such as holiday leave or medical insurance will be removed. Therefore, an increase in wages will increase the output production cost, for MacDonalds to operate at the minimal cost it will take the lowest optimal point on the isocost and isoquant curve. This suggests that it must adopt automation to reduce the production cost to the

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art Essay

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art - Essay Example Galla Placidia passed on in Rome, and irrespective of a long custom to the contrary, it is nothing like she was ever buried in Ravenna. Most likely, she was laid to rest in the Rotunda of St. Petronilla. The Rotunda is acknowledged as to have been the mausoleum of the relatives of Theodosius, and Galla herself. Modern erudite opinion is that Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was constructed as a rhetoric rather than mausoleum. It was uniquely linked to the narthex of the close church of Santa Croce, which is recognized to have been constructed by Galla Placidia so she possibly bespoke the oratory, and it fittingly takes her name, though she was never laid to rest there. The mosaics of Galla Placidia have fascinated millions of visitors from across the world over the centuries (Stokstad 25) The mausoleum of the oratory features a beautiful mosaic of a glittery night sky. The stars over eight hundred of them are set in concentric orbits around a golden Latin cross, with the cryptograms of the Four Evangelists upon the spandrels. The arcs of the side niches have equivalent golden patterns upon a dark background, featuring an assortment of flowers and plants down with additional stars. Next, it is essential to consider that the cross on the catacomb is jutting toward the east instead of being united with the position of the Chapel. This is nearly surely since the Chapel is not aligned to the in harmony with the set up custom, and the decorator partly corrected that by offering the central cross the appropriate alignment. May be the most essential mosaic in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia is an early illustration of Christ as the Good Shepherd, situated over the entry upon the north side. The image was common in the Roman vaults of earlier centuries, but there are essentia l advancements to be witnessed in his adaptation. As opposed as to being depicted as an atypical countryman, this Good Shepherd has a

William Byrd contributions to music Research Paper

William Byrd contributions to music - Research Paper Example He gained heavy recognition for madrigals and dance performances which were light hearted in nature and he is even well known for the production of Latin music which represented the archaic cycle and this music was especially composed for different events that take place in the calendar of church. During the 17th century he continued to compose his own style of music without being influenced by the Baroque fashion of music but his contributions in the form of keyboard are recognized as the starting point of Baroque fashion and style which was harpsichord in nature. He was even well known for being a composer for the Anglican court for a major portion of his musical life, but towards the end of his life, he made contribution to Roman liturgy through his music and lost his life in relative darkness. During 1605 when the Gunpowder Plot was made and there was a frenzy of anti-Catholic attitude, his music experienced banning and he even experienced imprisonment in the region of England an d some of his ban music has been a part of English cathedrals for over a period of four centuries (Kerman, 1981, p.227). Byrd’s Works Most of the musicians of the Renaissance era started their musical career at a very early age; similarly, Byrd even started his musical career at a very tender age. ... At the age of 18, he was not longer a part of the court, this time period marks the replacement of Queen Marry with Queen Elizabeth. He returned to the scene during middle years of twenties and was working as choir master and organist in the Lincoln Cathedral and in this setting he had to be warned for playing for extra long period of time during service sessions at the Cathedral. During the period of 1572 he returned back to London and was awarded a high paying job along with extra benefits and was even regarded as the Chapel Royal’s Gentleman (Crabtree, 2005, p.208). During his stay in London he operated and worked in different musical roles such as singer, organist and music writer for a period of more than two decades. As soon as he gained the position of a gentleman, he along with Tallis were able to acquire a printing license from the Queen and with this license he was able to print three different groups of Latin motets. The first of these motets were published during t he period of 1575 with the assistance of his teacher and later he published two more groups of motets during the period of 1591and this time he did it all alone as his teacher was not longer alive (Kennedy, 2004, p.114). While he was working on the Latin motets, he purchased two musical anthologies in English language and he even purchased songs, sonnets and psalms during the session of 1588 and later in the year 1589, he made a purchase of Songs of Sundrie Natures. He even made contributions to the Royal Chapel by writing music in the style of Anglican Church which even includes the master piece of the ten-voice Great Service and even composed well recognized anthems including the

Social Networking Sites Are Good Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Networking Sites Are Good Society - Essay Example Steve Chazin, a former managing director at Apple is quite categorical in his statement that social networking has changed the lives of people for the better as all humans do have a need to feel connected to each other (Are Social†¦). Danah Boyd, researcher at the Microsoft and experts in media, has more discreet view on the subject that those who do not understand social media look at only negativities and see social media as evil (Are Social†¦). Aric Sigman, a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and recipient of the Chartered Scientist award from the Science Council is of the view that online contacting displacing face-to-face contacting will bring about some sort of physiological changes such as illness or higher premature mortality. (Are Social†¦) In one of the study done at University of Maryland on 200 students (Conger, 2010) giving up all social networking sites for a day had some amazing findings. On asking students how they felt during this pause, students came out with a reply of having anxious mood and frantic cravings that typically felt by a person who goes through withdrawal from any addictive stuff. In such context, it has been said that social networking sites would destroy our brain and bodies as has been voiced by Susan Greenfield, a neuroscientist from U.K; however, so far, no any published scientific studies have validated such claims (Conger, 2010). On the contrary, it has been found that the more people are engaged with any social site, the better they feel. This is what argued by Moira Burke, a researcher from the Human-Computer Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (Conger, 2010). The reason for favorable feelings stems... This essay discusses that the more people are engaged with any social site, the better they feel. This is what argued by Moira Burke, a researcher at the Human-Computer Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (Conger, 2010). The reason for favorable feelings stems from the emotional support that friends, acquaintances or family provide. The feeling of having more social capital triggers a sense of well-being in them. In another study done at Cornell indicates that social capital garnered online also propels better physical health. Though it has been warned in some quarters that social networking would drive people into isolation; it has helped reap benefits from online contacts. Fowler and Christakis from Harvard University have completed many studies on the aspects of attitudes, health behaviors, and on happiness among social networking site participants and they have reached the conclusion that as people influence each other in their normal interactions, similar is the behavior pat tern found at social networking sites. This paper makes a conclusion that a social networking has gone a long way since its modest start about 15 years back. Facebook, Twitter, Orkut and many other sites have now millions of users who share their daily experiences and understandings on a myriad of issues. In the era of globalization, these sites are being extensively used for the various causes and will continue to grow as one of the formidable social tools for masses.

Argue a position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argue a position - Essay Example Even though many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the engagement of the United States in the war against terrorism, American was right to enter the war because the benefits far much outweighs the costs of being in the war. In this terrorism age, it was prudent for America to enter in the war against terrorism in order to be in the upfront of protecting humanity as the world superpower. After the September 11 terrorist attack on the United State, there was panic all over the world and the only way to dispel the fear that terrorist under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden had planted in the heart of Americans and the entire globe, it was necessary for America to invade the boundaries of Afghanistan in search of the dangerous group (Heymann 19). The United States initiated the war against Afghanistan with the support of allies. America together with its allies in the war never aimed at retaliation following the September 11 terrorist attack on innocent civilians, but the main focus was to destroy a safe and supportive operation ground for al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. The main focus was to oust the Taliban out of power so as to dismantle and disable the al-Qaeda group that had been a nightmare in the region an d to the United States and the rest of the world. The al-Qaeda treated women and children in a brutal way aiming to subject them to a lifetime misery and abject poverty. Also, the Al Qaeda and the Taliban regime used civilians as shields while perpetuating their atrocities, which highly contravene humanity. Taliban commanders seized humanitarian aid offered to innocent civilians in the war torn region and cared little about human life (Oshunrinade 160). The al-Qaeda committed wanting humanitarian crimes and propagated drug trade to finance their acts of terrorism around the world. Was these not enough reason for a country that believes in human rights and freedom to intervene? The

Krugman gives cautionary advice against the goverment policies warning Essay

Krugman gives cautionary advice against the goverment policies warning if there is no change the american drean will perish - Essay Example The constant fear of war and the possession of people and their believe in themselves found the claims leveled on the country of how it reflected the presence of the works. In the claims, the leftist holds information that if not dispensed would look at it as social problem. The principles of hard work define the principle. The inclination of her job with her life and the understanding of the America that was compared with the America that has become. A reduction in social mobility provides better grounds for us to make a move as accompany to consider the employees that it wants to help it achieve the objectives. A research activity aimed at finding out the reasons and the effects that the authorities will face for the elimination of each person involved and the inclusion of some people at the American Dream. The details of these all clearly follow in the summary below: â€Å"Our political leaders are doing everything they can try to fortify class inequality while denouncing anyone who complains or even points out what is happening as a practitioner am mature in relations and we should see his face†(Krugman, p1). The actions of our leaders have for years aimed at serving the interests of the people that fund their political ambitions. The funding is provided with strings attached relationships that many have suffered. The inclusion of many people in the gap for checking the inequality gap proves the point. The fact that a large number of people still lie un aided throughout these tough times makes the American Dream an image that the writer or the country cannot find easy to put across to its citizens that have sacrificed for years to work hard to keep the American Dream. The thoughts of an unachieved dream make each person reason towards the elimination of the dream or the elimination of some people from the pathway. That way the dream remains on truck and easy to manage. Aspects of income distribution all brought to thought after the